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    Assessment of natural radiation exposure levels and mass attenuation coefficients of lime and gypsum samples used in Turkey
    (Springer Nature, 2009-11-17) Damla, Nevzat; Çevik, Uğur; Kobya, Ali İhsan; Çelik, Ahmet; Çelik, Necati
    The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in lime and gypsum samples used as building materials in Turkey were measured using gamma spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were found to be 38 ± 16, 20 ± 9, and 156 ± 54 Bq kg − 1 for lime and found to be 17 ± 6, 13 ± 5, and 429 ± 24 Bq kg − 1 for gypsum, respectively. The radiological hazards due to the natural radioactivity in the samples were inferred from calculations of radium equivalent activities (Raeq), indoor absorbed dose rate in the air, the annual effective dose, and gamma and alpha indices. These radiological parameters were evaluated and compared with the internationally recommended limits. The experimental mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of the samples were determined in the energy range 81–1,332 keV. The experimental mass attenuation coefficients were compared with theoretical values obtained using XCOM. It is found that the calculated values and the experimental results are in good agreement.
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    Radiation dose estimation and mass attenuation coefficients ofcement samples used in Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2009-12-16) Damla, Nevzat; Çevik, Uğur; Kobya, Ali İhsan; Çelik, Ahmet; Çelik, Necati; Grieken, R. Van
    Different cement samples commonly used in building construction in Turkey have been analyzed for natural radioactivity using gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations observed in the cement samples were 52, 40 and 324 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with the reported data of other countries and world average limits. The radiological hazard parameters such as radium equivalent activities (Raeq), gamma index (Iγ) and alpha index (Iα) indices as well as terrestrial absorbed dose and annual effective dose rate were calculated and compared with the international data. The Raeq values of cement are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg−1, equivalent to a gamma dose of 1.5 mSv y−1. Moreover, the mass attenuation coefficients were determined experimentally and calculated theoretically using XCOM in some cement samples. Also, chemical compositions analyses of the cement samples were investigated.
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    Radioactivity levels in some cow milks consumed in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey
    (Batman Üniversitesi, 2013) Kırış, Erkan; Baltaş, Hasan; Damla, Nevzat; Ertuğral, Birol; Çevik, Uğur
    The radioactivity levels were determined in 12 different brands of cow milks consumed in Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey using a high-purity germanium detector. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs were 3.2, 1.1, 31.3 and 0.5 Bq.L−1 , respectively. The values were comparable with the concentrations reported in the other countries. Due to consumption of cow milk, the radiological impact of them on the inhabitants was calculated by taking the annual intake into account through ingestion of aforementioned radionuclides. The estimated effective doses from milk were found to be 21.2 μSv year−1 for 226Ra, 6.1 μSv year−1 for 232Th, 0.1 μSv year−1 for 137Cs and 4.7 μSv year−1 for 40K. The calculated annual effective dose obtained from all measured radionuclides was much below the UNSCEAR recommended reference level of 200-800 µSv.y-1 for all milk samples. The obtained result data will contribute to establish a baseline level of radioactivity in cow milk and help to develop future guidelines in the country for radiological protection of the population