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Öğe Buried with turtles: the symbolic role of the Euphrates soft-shelled turtle (Rafetus euphraticus) in Mesopotamia(Antiquity, 2016-02) Kozbe, Gülriz; Mashkour, Marjan; Berthon, Rémi; Erdal, Yılmaz SelimExcavations at Kavuşan Höyük (south-eastern Turkey) have revealed evidence of the use of turtles, tortoises and terrapins in post-Assyrian funerary practices. Of particular significance are the remains of the Euphrates soft-shelled turtle (Rafetus euphraticus), distinguished from other species of turtle by their quantity and treatment in the burial pit under investigation here. The unique finds from Kavuşan Höyük, coupled with archaeological and textual records, underline the economic and symbolic significance of these animals for communities in prehistoric and early historical Mesopotamia.Öğe Characterization of an Early Bronze Age pottery group from the upper Tigris valley (Turkey) by means of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques(X-RAY Spectrometry, 2019-04-17) Kozbe, Gülriz; Bayazıt, MuratIn this archaeometric research potsherds from Kavuşan Höyük (a mound located in the upper Tigris valley) representing the Metallic Ware, a diagnostic ceramic group mostly found in north Mesopotamia was characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in order to differ the imitated ones, if exist, to reveal the production technologies and compare the results with the previous archaeometric works concerning Metallic Ware. For this purpose, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used. Two groups were specified as the calcareous “imitations” and the dominant noncalcareous ware as the real ones. The results suggested that the noncalcareous ware of Kavuşan was presumably not produced with the possible clay deposits mentioned in previous studies, which focused on the provenance investigation of a wide range of Metallic Ware samples from the upper Tigris valley. It was also concluded from the results that the calcareous imitations would presumably belong to a local (in the name of Kavuşan) or regional (the upper Tigris) production due to the geological and chemical affinities.