Batman ili şartlarında güneş enerjisi destekli kurutma sisteminde kurutma parametrelerinin incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021-08-25
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Yayıncı
Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tarımsal ürünlerin uzun süre bozulmadan saklanabilmesi için kurutma işlemi yaygın bir
yöntemdir. Kurutma işlemi çok eski zamanlardan beri geleneksel olarak açık havada, güneş altında
kontrolsüz bir şekilde yapılmaktadır. Bu yöntem ile tarımsal ürünler; toz, böcek, diğer hayvanların zarar
vermesi ve kötü hava koşulları gibi etmenlere maruz kalmaktadır. Bu yöntem ile kurutulan ürünlerde
aflatoksin gibi mikrotoksinler meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu nedenle tarımsal ürünlerin kurutma sistemleri
ile hijyenik ve kontrollü bir şekilde kurutulması önemlidir. Ayrıca ekonomik değeri yüksek olan kuru
tarımsal ürünler yılın her mevsiminde üretilmek istenmektedir. Kurutulan ürünler geleneksel olarak
mevsiminde yetiştirilmesinin yanında diğer mevsimlerde de uygun şartlar sağlanarak, seralarda
yetiştirilmektedir. Hasadı yılın birkaç mevsiminde olan ürünler de mevcuttur ve soğuk mevsimlerde
yetişen ürünler de kurutulmaktadır. Sıcak mevsimler dışında yetiştirilen ürünlerin kurutulması
kurutucularla mümkün olabilmektedir. Uzun yıllardan beri kullanılan endüstriyel kurutma makineleri
büyük miktarlarda enerji tüketmekte ve çevre kirliliğine sebep olmaktadırlar. Çevre bilinci, enerji
verimliliği ve enerjinin tasarruflu kullanılması gittikçe önem kazanmaktadır Yenilenebilir enerji
kaynaklarının kullanımı fosil yakıtlara bağımlılığı azaltmaktadır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından olan
güneş enerjisi gibi kesintili enerji kaynaklarının verimliliğinin arttırılması için enerji depolama
sistemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Güneşin etkisinin çok olduğu saatlerde ışınım sonucu fazla olan ısının depolanması ve daha
sonra kullanılması verimlilik açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında farklı büyüklüklerdeki taşlar
ve metal parçaları karışımı bir enerji depolama malzemesi olarak oluşturulmuştur. Bu malzeme araları ısı
yalıtımlı eş iki bölümden oluşan bir güneş enerjili kurutucunun 2. bölümünün termal depolama ünitesinde
kullanılmıştır. Termal depolama sistemi olmayan 1. bölüm ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Kurutulacak tarımsal
ürün olarak hasadı hava durumuna bağlı olarak Mart, Nisan aylarında başlayıp Kasım, Aralık aylarına
kadar devam eden Sason Çileği tercih edilmiş ve Batman İli şartlarında Ekim ayında kurutma
parametreleri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma sırasında ısıl enerji depolama sisteminin güneş enerjili kurutucuda
kullanılmasının Sason Çileği kurutmada etkisi incelenmiştir. Deneyler saat 09.00-15.00 arasında güneşte
15.00-17.30 arası gölgede ve 17.30 sonrası güneş battıktan sonra termal depolama ısısından faydalanarak
yapılmıştır. Yapılan deneyler 3.5 m/s, 2.5 m/s ve 1.5 m/s olmak üzere 3 farklı fan hızında
gerçekleştirilmiştir. 3.5 m/s fan hızında yapılan deneylerle eş zamanlı olarak dışarıda tepside çilek numuneleri kontrol amaçlı kurumaya bırakılmıştır. Kurutma sisteminde kurutulanlarla karşılaştırılmıştır.
Temizlik ve kuruma hızı açısından yapılan karşılaştırmada kurutma sisteminde kurutmanın büyük farkla
avantajlı olduğu görülmüştür.
Deneysel çalışmalar süresince termal depolama sistemi kullanılmayan kurutma kabini içerisinde
maksimum 61 ºC minimum, 18 ºC arasında değişen sıcaklıklarda, termal depolama sistemi kullanılan
kurutma kabininde ise maksimum 53 ºC, minimum 19 ºC arasında değişen sıcaklıklarda kurutma işlemi
gerçekleştirilmiştir. İki kurutma kabini arasındaki bağıl nem farkı maksimum % 6.7 olacak şekilde, termal
depolama sistemi kullanılmayan bölümün kurutma kabininin içindeki bağıl nem daha fazla çıkmıştır.
Drying is a common method for keeping agricultural products intact for a long time. The drying process has traditionally been carried out in the open air, under the sun, in an uncontrolled manner since ancient times. With this method, agricultural products; It is exposed to factors such as dust, insects, damage by other animals and bad weather conditions. Microtoxins such as aflatoxin can occur in products dried by this method. For this reason, it is important to dry agricultural products in a hygienic and controlled manner with drying systems. In addition, dry agricultural products with high economic value are desired to be produced in every season of the year. Dried products are traditionally grown in the season, as well as in greenhouses by providing suitable conditions in other seasons. There are also products that are harvested in several seasons of the year, and products grown in the cold season are also dried. Drying of products grown outside of hot seasons is possible with dryers. Industrial dryers, which have been used for many years, consume large amounts of energy and cause environmental pollution. Environmental awareness, energy efficiency and efficient use of energy are becoming increasingly important. The use of renewable energy sources reduces dependence on fossil fuels. Energy storage systems are needed to increase the efficiency of intermittent energy sources such as solar energy, which is one of the renewable energy sources. It is important for efficiency to store and use the excess heat as a result of radiation during the hours when the sun's influence is high. Within the scope of this study, a mixture of stones and metal parts of different sizes was created as an energy storage material. This material was used in the thermal storage unit of the 2nd section of a solar dryer consisting of two identical sections with thermal insulation between them. Compared with part 1 without thermal storage system. As the agricultural product to be dried, Sason Strawberry, which starts in March, April, and continues until November and December, depending on the weather conditions, was preferred and the drying parameters were examined in October under the conditions of Batman Province. During this study, the effect of using the thermal energy storage system in the solar dryer on drying Sason Strawberry was investigated. Experiments were carried out between 09.00-15.00 in the sun, between 15.00-17.30 in the shade and after 17.30 after sunset, using the thermal storage heat. The experiments were carried out at 3 different fan speeds as 3.5 m/s, 2.5 m/s and 1.5 m/s. Simultaneously with the experiments carried out at a fan speed of 3.5 m/s, strawberry samples were left to dry on the tray outside for control purposes. Compared with those dried in the drying system. In the comparison made in terms of cleaning and drying speed, it has been seen that drying in the drying system is advantageous by a large margin. During the experimental studies, drying was carried out at temperatures ranging from a maximum of 61 ºC to a minimum of 18 ºC in the drying cabinet without using the thermal storage system, and at temperatures ranging from a maximum of 53 ºC to a minimum of 19 ºC in the drying cabinet using the thermal storage system. With the relative humidity difference between the two drying cabinets being a maximum of 6.7%, the relative humidity in the drying cabinet of the section without thermal storage system was higher.
Drying is a common method for keeping agricultural products intact for a long time. The drying process has traditionally been carried out in the open air, under the sun, in an uncontrolled manner since ancient times. With this method, agricultural products; It is exposed to factors such as dust, insects, damage by other animals and bad weather conditions. Microtoxins such as aflatoxin can occur in products dried by this method. For this reason, it is important to dry agricultural products in a hygienic and controlled manner with drying systems. In addition, dry agricultural products with high economic value are desired to be produced in every season of the year. Dried products are traditionally grown in the season, as well as in greenhouses by providing suitable conditions in other seasons. There are also products that are harvested in several seasons of the year, and products grown in the cold season are also dried. Drying of products grown outside of hot seasons is possible with dryers. Industrial dryers, which have been used for many years, consume large amounts of energy and cause environmental pollution. Environmental awareness, energy efficiency and efficient use of energy are becoming increasingly important. The use of renewable energy sources reduces dependence on fossil fuels. Energy storage systems are needed to increase the efficiency of intermittent energy sources such as solar energy, which is one of the renewable energy sources. It is important for efficiency to store and use the excess heat as a result of radiation during the hours when the sun's influence is high. Within the scope of this study, a mixture of stones and metal parts of different sizes was created as an energy storage material. This material was used in the thermal storage unit of the 2nd section of a solar dryer consisting of two identical sections with thermal insulation between them. Compared with part 1 without thermal storage system. As the agricultural product to be dried, Sason Strawberry, which starts in March, April, and continues until November and December, depending on the weather conditions, was preferred and the drying parameters were examined in October under the conditions of Batman Province. During this study, the effect of using the thermal energy storage system in the solar dryer on drying Sason Strawberry was investigated. Experiments were carried out between 09.00-15.00 in the sun, between 15.00-17.30 in the shade and after 17.30 after sunset, using the thermal storage heat. The experiments were carried out at 3 different fan speeds as 3.5 m/s, 2.5 m/s and 1.5 m/s. Simultaneously with the experiments carried out at a fan speed of 3.5 m/s, strawberry samples were left to dry on the tray outside for control purposes. Compared with those dried in the drying system. In the comparison made in terms of cleaning and drying speed, it has been seen that drying in the drying system is advantageous by a large margin. During the experimental studies, drying was carried out at temperatures ranging from a maximum of 61 ºC to a minimum of 18 ºC in the drying cabinet without using the thermal storage system, and at temperatures ranging from a maximum of 53 ºC to a minimum of 19 ºC in the drying cabinet using the thermal storage system. With the relative humidity difference between the two drying cabinets being a maximum of 6.7%, the relative humidity in the drying cabinet of the section without thermal storage system was higher.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Güneş Enerjisi, Kurutma, Isıl Enerji Depolama, Sason Çileği Kurutma, Drying, Drying of Sason Strawberry, Solar Energy, Thermal Energy Storage
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Demir, F. (2021). Batman ili şartlarında güneş enerjisi destekli kurutma sisteminde kurutma parametrelerinin incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Batman.
