Batman yöresinde yetişen şalgam (Brassica Rapa L.) bitkisinin ağır metal, fenolik bileşikler ve antioksidan içeriklerinin belirlenmesi
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Tarih
2023-03-09
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Şalgam (Brassica rapa L.) Cruciferae familyasına ait olup tarih öncesi çağlardan beri tüketilen kültür bitkilerinden biridir. Şalgam, tüm yıl boyunca bulunabilen, özellikle Türkiye'de, Avrupa, Asya ve Amerika'da yaygın olarak yetişen bir yumrulu sebzedir. Bu çalışmada, Batman yöresine ait merkez köy ve ilçe köylerden toplanan 7 adet şalgam örneğinde ağır metal, fenolik bileşikler ve antioksidan içeriklerindeki değişimler tespit edilmiştir. Şalgam örneklerinde arsenik (As), kadmiyum (Cd), kobalt (Co), bakır (Cu), demir (Fe), civa (Hg), nikel (Ni), kurşun (Pb), kalay (Sn) ve çinko (Zn) düzeyleri analiz edildi. Şalgam örneklerinin metal içerikleri, mikrodalga ünitesinde yakma işlemi sonrasında indüktif eşleşmiş plazma optik emisyon spektrometre (ICP-OES) cihazı ile belirlendi. Bu şalgam örneklerinin ağır metal içerikleri daha önce standart olarak JECFA tarafından belirlenen ağır metal değerleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Örneğin, Demir(Fe) miktarı 14,32±0,045 mg/kg tespit edilmiş olup, JECFA tarafından haftalık olarak vücuda alınabilir miktarı ise 0,2-25 mg/kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçülen tüm elementler için bu değerler hesaplanmış olup, JECFA değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca kalitatif ve kantitatif analizlerde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan ve ölçüm güvenilirliğinin oldukça yüksek olduğu bilimsel olarak teyit edilmiş olan, LC-MS/MS cihazı kullanılarak fenolik bileşikler ölçülmüştür. Bu ölçümlerde şalgam örneklerinin fitokimyasal özellikleri belirlenerek, 53 adet fenolik bileşiğin analizi sonucunda, şalgam örneklerinde 7 adet fenolik bileşiğin mevcut olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu bileşiklerden bazıları Qunic acid, Fumaric acid, Gallic acid ve Protocatechuic acid şeklindedir. Qunic acid bileşiği miktarı en yüksek 0,938 mg analit/g ekstrat Gercüş ilçesine bağlı Yayladüzü köyündeki şalgam örneğinde tespit edilirken, en düşük 0,299 mg analit/g ekstrat Gercüş ilçesine bağlı Boğaz köyündeki şalgam örneğinde gözlemlenmiştir. Fumaric acid bileşiği miktarı en yüksek 2,998 mg analit/g ekstrat merkez ilçeye bağlı Balpınar köyündeki şalgam örneğinde tespit edilirken, en düşük 0,73 mg analit/g ekstrat Gercüş ilçesine bağlı Yayladüzü köyündeki şalgam örneğinde gözlemlenmiştir. Protocatechuic acid bileşiği miktarı en yüksek 0,082 mg analit/g ekstrat merkez ilçeye bağlı Balpınar köyündeki şalgam örneğinde tespit edilirken, en düşük 0,01 mg analit/g ekstrat Gercüş ilçesine bağlı Bağlıca köyündeki şalgam örneğinde gözlemlenmiştir. Gercüş ilçesine bağlı Bağlıca köyündeki şalgam örneği analizi yapılan diğer örneklerle karşılaştırıldığında fenolik madde miktarının daha düşük miktarlarda olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) belongs to the Cruciferae family and is one of the cultivated plants consumed since prehistoric times. Turnip is a tuberous vegetable that can be found all year round, especially widely grown in Turkey, Europe, Asia and America. In this study, changes in heavy metal, phenolic compounds and antioxidant contents were determined in 7 turnip samples collected from central and district villages of Batman region. In turnip samples, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn) ) levels were analyzed. The metal contents of the turnip samples were determined with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) device after burning in the microwave unit. The heavy metal contents of these turnip samples were compared with the heavy metal values previously determined by JECFA as a standard. For example, the Iron(Fe) amount was determined as 14.32±0.045 mg/kg, and the weekly ingestible amount was determined as 0.2-25 mg/kg by JECFA. These values were calculated for all measured elements and compared with the JECFA values. In addition, phenolic compounds were measured using the LC-MS/MS device, whiwidely used in qualitative and quantitative analyses andientifically confirmed to have a very high measurement reliability. In these measurements, the phytochemical properties of turnip samples were determined and as a result of the analysis of 53 phenolic compounds, it was determined that 7 phenolic compounds were present in the turnip samples. Some of these compounds are Qunic acid, Fumaric acid, Gallic acid and Protocatechuic acid. The highest amount of qunic acid compound was detected in the turnip sample in Yayladüzü village of Gercüş district of 0.938 mg analyte/g extract, while the lowest 0.299 mg analyte/g extract was observed in the turnip sample in Boğaz village of Gercüş district. The highest amount of fumaric acid compound was found in the turnip sample of 2.998 mg analyte/g extract in Balpınar village of the central district, while the lowest 0.73 mg analyte/g extract was observed in the turnip sample in the Yayladüzü village of the Gercüş district. The highest amount of protocatechuic acid compound was detected in the turnip sample in the Balpınar village of the central district of 0.082 mg analyte/g extract, while the lowest 0.01 mg analyte/g extract was observed in the turnip sample in the Baglica village of the Gercüş district. It was determined that the amount of phenolic substance in the turnip sample in the village of Bağlıca, in the town of Gercüş, was lower than the other samples analyzed.
Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) belongs to the Cruciferae family and is one of the cultivated plants consumed since prehistoric times. Turnip is a tuberous vegetable that can be found all year round, especially widely grown in Turkey, Europe, Asia and America. In this study, changes in heavy metal, phenolic compounds and antioxidant contents were determined in 7 turnip samples collected from central and district villages of Batman region. In turnip samples, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn) ) levels were analyzed. The metal contents of the turnip samples were determined with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) device after burning in the microwave unit. The heavy metal contents of these turnip samples were compared with the heavy metal values previously determined by JECFA as a standard. For example, the Iron(Fe) amount was determined as 14.32±0.045 mg/kg, and the weekly ingestible amount was determined as 0.2-25 mg/kg by JECFA. These values were calculated for all measured elements and compared with the JECFA values. In addition, phenolic compounds were measured using the LC-MS/MS device, whiwidely used in qualitative and quantitative analyses andientifically confirmed to have a very high measurement reliability. In these measurements, the phytochemical properties of turnip samples were determined and as a result of the analysis of 53 phenolic compounds, it was determined that 7 phenolic compounds were present in the turnip samples. Some of these compounds are Qunic acid, Fumaric acid, Gallic acid and Protocatechuic acid. The highest amount of qunic acid compound was detected in the turnip sample in Yayladüzü village of Gercüş district of 0.938 mg analyte/g extract, while the lowest 0.299 mg analyte/g extract was observed in the turnip sample in Boğaz village of Gercüş district. The highest amount of fumaric acid compound was found in the turnip sample of 2.998 mg analyte/g extract in Balpınar village of the central district, while the lowest 0.73 mg analyte/g extract was observed in the turnip sample in the Yayladüzü village of the Gercüş district. The highest amount of protocatechuic acid compound was detected in the turnip sample in the Balpınar village of the central district of 0.082 mg analyte/g extract, while the lowest 0.01 mg analyte/g extract was observed in the turnip sample in the Baglica village of the Gercüş district. It was determined that the amount of phenolic substance in the turnip sample in the village of Bağlıca, in the town of Gercüş, was lower than the other samples analyzed.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ağır Metaller, Antioksidan, Fenolik Bileşikler, Fitokimyasallar, Şalgam, Heavy Metals, Antioxidant, Phenolic Compounds, Phytochemicals, Turnip
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Aslan, İ.(2023). Batman yöresinde yetişen şalgam (Brassica Rapa L.) bitkisinin ağır metal, fenolik bileşikler ve antioksidan içeriklerinin belirlenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Batman.
