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Öğe Biodiesel production from raw cottonseed oil and its characterization(Energy Education Science and Technolgy Part A, 2011-07) Altun, Şehmus; Yaşar, Fevzi; Öner, CengizIn this study, raw cottonseed oil of Turkish origin was transesterified using methyl alcohol and an alkali catalyst to obtain the cottonseed oil methyl ester. The obtained cottonseed oil methyl ester was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) for determining the fatty acid composition. The fuel-related properties of cottonseed oil methyl ester, cold filter plugging point, cloud point, kinematic viscosity, density, cetane index, flash point, distillation, sulfur content and heating value were determined and compared with those of petroleum diesel fuel and international biodiesel standards. From gas chromatograph analysis, it was found that the cottonseed oil methyl ester has the more amount of total unsaturated FA, therefore, it showed better cold-flow properties than more saturated ones, as expected. Moreover, the fuel-related properties of cottonseed oil methyl ester were within the specified standardsÖğe Fındık yağının dizel motorlarda alternatif yakıt olarak kullanılması ve yanma karakteristiklerinin incelenmesi(Makine Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 2007) Altun, Şehmus; Öner, Cengiz; Sugözü, İlker; Akbaş, BülentBu çalışmada, ülkemizin dünya üretiminde ilk sırasında olduğu fındık bitkisinden elde edilen fındık yağının motor yakıtı olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ham fındık yağı dört zamanlı tek silindirli, direk püskürtmeli ve hava soğutmalı bir dizel motorunda yakıt olarak kullanılmıştır. Ham fındık yağının motorine göre çok yüksek olan viskozitesinin düşürülmesi ve yüksek viskozitenin sebep olacağı bazı problemleri gidermek için, ham fındık yağı motorin ile % 25, 50 ve 75 oranlarında karıştırılarak seyreltilmiştir. Motorin ile seyreltilen ham fındık yağı dizel motorunda başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmış, yük altında ve farklı motor hızlarında motor performans karakteristikleri ölçülmüştür. Yapılan testlerde karışım yakıtlarının motor momenti ve gücü motorine göre düşük, özgül yakıt tüketimi değerleri ise yüksek çıkmıştır.Öğe Effect of n-butanol blending with a blend of diesel and biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine(ACS Publications, 2011-06-22) Adin, Hamit; Altun, Şehmus; Yaşar, Fevzi; Öner, CengizExperimental work was conducted to evaluate the effect of using n-butanol (normal butanol) in conventional diesel fuel–biodiesel blends on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine with the engine working at a constant engine speed and at different three engine loads. A blend of biodiesel and diesel fuel known as B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel in volume) was prepared, and then n-butanol was added to B20 at a volume percent of 10% and 20% (denoted as B20Bu10 and B20Bu20, respectively). Fuel consumption; regulated exhaust emissions such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and total unburned hydrocarbons; and smoke opacity were measured. The brake specific fuel consumption of fuel blends was found to be higher when compared to that of conventional diesel fuel. On the other hand, the addition of n-butanol to the B20 fuel blend caused a slight increase in the brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency in comparison to the B20 fuel blend. For exhaust emissions, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HCs) emissions decreased, and NOx remained almost unchanged at low engine loads, while it decreased at high engine loads. Fuel blends also resulted in a sharp reduction of smoke opacity in the whole range of engine tests.
