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Öğe A general view to political and economic events causing the collapse of Mamluk State(Energy Education Science&Technology, Part B, 2012-04) Ağır, Abdullah Mesut; Solak, Kemal; Şen, Mehmet Emin; Platin, İhsann this manuscript, the collapse of Mamluk State, which reigned in Egypt and Syria between the years 1250 and 1517 has been studied. Throughout our study, there found different reasons causing this collapse; the most important ones of which are political and economic. The fact that Mamluk System which had crucial role in Mamluk administration Mechanism and the problems lived along its north border are the fundamental collapsing reasons of the state. Indeed, the fights starting with Mongols and Armenians in the north of the state continued with Anatolian Turkmens and Timurids, eventually Ottomans coming from the same direction caused it to be collapsed. Mamluks were the commercial centre between east and west. At the same time, Syria owned a very industrious trade network between Anatolia. However, the geographical discoveries that Europeans carried out and the Portuguese not only military but also commercial activities in the Indian Ocean weakened Mamluks economically. In addition to this, military struggles along the north border of the state caused incompensable deficits in Mamlûk finance. Consequently, when all these negative aspects combined with an unmodernized army, Mamlûk State closed its era in 1517, when Ottoman army defeated it in Reydaniye, which was the end of a 267 year-old-state.Öğe Memlûk Sultanlarının gölgesi altında Hilâfet kurumu(Gaziantep Üniversitesi, 2011-04) Ağır, Abdullah Mesutİlhanlıların 1258 yılında Bağdat‟ı ele geçirip Abbâsî Devletini ortadan kaldırmalarından sonra Türk-İslâm âlemi için büyük önem taşıyan hilâfet makamı üç yıl boyunca tarih sahnesinde görünmeyecekti. Memlûkların Moğollara karşı 1260‟da kazandıkları siyasî zafer Müslümanları büyük bir sevince boğarken, Sultan Baybars‟ın 1261 yılında hilâfeti Kahire‟de yeniden ihdâs etmesi, onların İslâm âlemi üzerindeki saygınlıklarının artmasını sağladı. Fakat Kahire‟de ihdâs edilen halifelik, Bağdat Abbâsî halifeliğinden büyük farklılıklar arz ediyordu. Sultanların gölgesi altında kalmış, hiçbir siyasî yetkisi ve otoritesi bulunmayan, topraksız ve sadece kendisine az bir miktar maaş bağlanan halifeler, birkaç istisna dışında, bu durumlarını Memlûkların sonu olan 1517 senesine kadar sürdüreceklerdi.Öğe Al-Makrizi’s Khitat and the markets in Cairo during the Mamluks era(Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2017-08) Ağır, Abdullah MesutThis study examines the markets in Cairo during the reign of the Mamlūks in the light of al-Makrīzī’s Chronicle al-Khitat. Besides those which were built during the Mamlūks era the commercial life were ongoing at the markets dating back to the Fatimids and the Ayyubids periods. The marketplaces generally occupied in al-Qasaba which was between Bāb al-Futūh in the north and Bāb al-Zuwayla in the south was the trading center of the city. Al-Qasaba is al-Mu’izz Street today which takes its name from the Fatimid Caliph al-Mu’izz li-Dinillah (341-364/953-975). The economic and social decline especially seen during the second half of the Mamlūks in the 15th century af-fected also the domestic markets stability and most of the sûqs disappeared depending on these conditions.
