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Öğe Investigation of combustion efficiency in flue gases: Batman city example(Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, 2016-03) Karakaya, Hakan; Ercan, Umut; Kallioğlu, Mehmet Ali; Avcı, Ali Serkan; Düz, HasanEnergy, a requirement for meeting people’s needs and for continuation of healthy development of a country, is particularly used in fields such as industry, house heating and transportation. However, in addition to its benefits essential for life, energy causes great deal of environmental pollution during its production, conversion, transportation and consumption. One of the basic causes of environment and air pollution is that combustion does not occur efficiently. Therefore, it is important to find out combustion efficiency after flue gas analysing measurements are carried out. In this study, with regard to flue gas exit heat, CO2, O2, combustion efficiency of fuels such as wood, lignite and natural gas which are mostly used in heating systems of houses in Batman city were investigated.Öğe The effects and causes of air pollution in Batman(Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, 2017) Karakaya, Hakan; Kallioğlu, Mehmet Ali; Avcı, Ali Serkan; Ercan, Umut; Kıstak, CelalIn our metropolitan areas, air pollution may occur especially in winter due to dense and irregular urbanization, increasing motor vehicles usage, irregular industrialization, low-quality fuel use, topographical and meteorological conditions etc. This study was carried out to determine the quality of air at the city center of Batman, Europe's dirtiest 2nd City, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) air pollution report and to investigate the causes of air pollution. SO2 and PM10 concentrations were taken as air quality parameters from Batman Governorship Provincial Directorate of Environment and Urbanization to examine the air quality. The data obtained were compared with other countries’ standards and a solution to improve air quality was identified. The average annual temperature is 16 °C and the amount of precipitation is 750-1000 millimeters and Mediterranean climate characteristics are observed in Batman. There exists an Air Quality Measurement Device in Batman Province, which is located in the parking lot of Batman Governorship. During the day, every half an hour data is obtained and parameters of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10) are measured by the air pollution monitoring station. The obtained data show that the average value of PM is 91,8μg/m3 which is exceeding EU and Turkey limit values based on yearly averages of 2015. The annual mean value of SO2 was found to be 7,08μg/m3 but in winter it increased to 23 μg/m3 with the start of the warm-up season in addition to refineries. Increases in PM10value to 131 μg/m3 in the winter season, causes to reach the potential that create risks on public health. In this city built on the low altitude plains of Batman, inadequate air circulation cannot disperse and dilute pollutant factors. It has been observed that PM10 value increases with asphalt plants, refineries, traffic and dust coming from the Syrian territory. In order for the city to have clean and healthy air, problems related to heating must be solved. The use of natural gas should be encouraged instead of coal. Amount of the green areas which are famous to produce oxygen should be increased in the city. And in new urban planning, meteorological factors especially wind speed and direction should be taken into account.
