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Öğe Combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel power generator fueled with biodiesel-kerosene and biodiesel-kerosene-diesel blends(Elsevier, 2017-02-05) Bayındır, Hasan; Işık, Mehmet Zerrakki; Argunhan, Zeki; Yücel, Halit Lütfi; Aydın, HüseyinHigh percentages of biodiesel blends or neat biodiesel cannot be used in diesel engines due to high density and viscosity, and poor atomization properties that lead to some engine operational problems. Biodiesel was produced from canola oil by transesterification process. Test fuels were prepared by blending 80% of the biodiesel with 20% of kerosene (B80&K20) and 80% of the biodiesel with 10% of kerosene and 10% diesel fuel (B80&K10&D10). Fuels were used in a 4 cylinders diesel engine that was loaded with a generator. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the blend fuels and D2 in the diesel engine for certain loads of 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 kW output power and 1500 rpm constant engine speed were experimented and deeply analyzed. It was found that kerosene contained blends had quite similar combustion characteristics with those of D2. Mass fuel consumption and Bscf were slightly increased for blend fuels. HC emissions slightly increased while NOx emissions considerably reduced for blends. It was resulted that high percentages of biodiesel can be a potential substitute for diesel fuel provided that it is used as blending fuel with certain amounts of kerosene.Öğe Combined effects of thermal barrier coating and blending with diesel fuel on usability of vegetable oils in diesel engines(Elsevier, 2013) Aydın, HüseyinThe possibility of using pure vegetable oils in a thermally insulated diesel engine has been experimentally investigated. Initially, the standard diesel fuel was tested in the engine, as base experiment for comparison. Then the engine was thermally insulated by coating some parts of it, such as piston, exhaust and intake valves surfaces with zirconium oxide (ZrO2). The main purpose of engine coating was to reduce heat rejection from the walls of combustion chamber and to increase thermal efficiency and thus to increase performance of the engine that using vegetable oil blends. Another aim of the study was to improve the usability of pure vegetable oils in diesel engines without performing any fuel treatments such as pyrolysis, emulsification and transesterification. Pure inedible cottonseed oil and sunflower oil were blended with diesel fuel. Blends and diesel fuel were then tested in the coated diesel engine. Experimental results proved that the main purpose of this study was achieved as the engine performance parameters such as power and torque were increased with simultaneous decrease in fuel consumption (bsfc). Furthermore, exhaust emission parameters such as CO, HC, and Smoke opacity were decreased. Also, sunflower oil blends presented better performance and emission parameters than cottonseed oil blends.Öğe Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine(Elsevier, 2010-03) Aydın, Hüseyin; Bayındır, HasanIn this study, performance and emissions of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine was experimentally investigated. For the study, cottonseed oil methyl ester (CSOME) was added to diesel fuel, numbered D2, by volume of 5%(B5), 20%(B20), 50%(B50) and 75%(B75) as well as pure CSOME (B100). Fuels were tested in a single cylinder, direct injection, air cooled diesel engine. The effects of CSOME-diesel blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions were examined at various engine speeds and full loaded engine. The effect of B5, B20, B50, B75, B100 and D2 on the engine power, engine torque, bsfc's and exhaust gasses temperature were clarified by the performance tests. The influences of blends on CO, NOx, SO2 and smoke opacity were investigated by emission tests. The experimental results showed that the use of the lower blends (B5) slightly increases the engine torque at medium and higher speeds in compression ignition engines. However, there were no significant differences in performance values of B5, B20 and diesel fuel. Also with the increase of the biodiesel in blends, the exhaust emissions were reduced. The experimental results showed that the lower contents of CSOME in the blends can partially be substituted for the diesel fuel without any modifications in diesel engines.Öğe Analysis of ethanol RCCI application with safflower biodiesel blends in a high load diesel power generator(Elsevier, 2016-11-15) Işık, Mehmet Zerrakki; Aydın, HüseyinThe effects of RCCI in a diesel power generator by using safflower oil biodiesel-diesel blends were experimentally investigated. Ethanol was premixed as PFI by rates of 30% and 50% of total mass fuel consumption of the engine. Tests were conducted at constant engine speed of 1500 rpm and fixed load 10.8 kW engine power. The purpose of blending biodiesel with diesel is to increase the fuel reactivity of primary fuel in order to easily initiate the combustion. Therefore, test fuels were prepared by blending 10% of the biodiesel with 90% of diesel, 20% of the biodiesel with 80% of diesel and 50% of the biodiesel with 50% of diesel. The most important combustion, performance and emission indicators of the engine under various conditions have been deeply investigated and results have been presented. The ethanol RCCI operation increased peak pressure values especially with using of B50 as high reactivity fuel while combustion was retarded for both RCCI modes. Overall, many indicators of the combustion was improved. Performance parameters were developed. Especially, bsfc was considerably increased. NOx, emissions were considerably decreased while CO and HC emissions were a bit increased.Öğe Analysis of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using low sulfur tire fuel(Elsevier, 2015-03-01) Aydın, Hüseyin; İlkılıç, CumaliAn alternative fuel for diesel engines was produced from waste vehicle tires by the method of pyrolysis. In order to reduce sulfur content of produced the liquid fuels, during the reaction Ca(OH) 2 was used. Then, H 2 SO 4 were used after the reaction and the sulfur content of the product was reduced by 83.75%. The properties of diesel fuel, low sulfur tire fuel and fuel mixtures of low sulfur tire fuel and diesel fuel were found. Then the prepared fuel blends and diesel fuel were tested in a diesel engine. Performance, combustion and emission parameters of the engine when using each fuel were obtained and comparisons were made with D2 fuel. Power, torque and mean effective pressure, mass fuel consumption, effective efficiency and bscf values presented. Results justify that the performance of the engine slightly lowers by using blends of LSTF. Cylinder pressure and heat release rate values of the test fuels usage were quite similar with those of D2. CO, HC, and smoke emissions were slightly higher while NOx emissions were lower for LSTF blends. All of these results indicate that desulfurized tire fuels with low percentages can be used as alternative fuel in diesel engine.Öğe Investigation of the effects of butanol addition on safflower biodiesel usage as fuel in a generator diesel engine(Elsevier, 2018-06-15) Aydın, Hüseyin; Çelebi, YahyaAs our world demands more and more energy and fossil fuel resources are running out, searches onfindingalternative fuels in internal combustion engines are increasing. Alcohols and biofuels obtained from oils can beused as alternative diesel fuels. The present work investigated the effects ofn-butanol addition to safflowerbiodiesel usage in a diesel engine used for driving an electrical power generator. Safflower biodiesel was ob-tained by using transesterification method. Binary blends of butanol-biodiesel and ternary blends of ultra-lowsulfur diesel-biodiesel–butanol were contained 5%, 10%, and 20% butanol in volume basis. The tests werecarried out on a four-cylinder, four-strokes, and direct-injection diesel engine at half load operation with stableengine speed of 1500 rpm. Experimental test results on combustion characteristics, emission and performance ofthe fuels were investigated. According to test results, formation of heat release rates and in-cylinder pressurecurves were considerably similar and total heat transfer, average gas temperature and mass fraction burned wereslightly changed. The ternary blends showed lower emission and increased brake thermal efficiency up to 1.5%.Besides, average mass fuel consumption was increased up to 5% and brake specific fuel consumption up to 6%.For the other fuels, emission and brake thermal efficiency were deteriorated.Öğe Scrutinizing the combustion, performance and emissions of safflower biodiesel-kerosene fueled diesel engine used as power source for a generato(Elsevier, 2016-06-01) Aydın, HüseyinWhen neat biodiesel or its blends with diesel fuel that contain high amounts of biodiesel are used in diesel engines some operational problems such as poor injection, bad atomization and incomplete combustion occur mainly due to higher viscosity and surface tension. Engine problems with the use of biodiesel-fuel blends that contain higher percentages of biodiesel need to be solved in order to utilize the advantages of biodiesel in environmental and economical ways. The mentioned problems can also be solved by blending biodiesel with another low density or viscosity fuel such as kerosene. In present study biodiesel was produced from safflower oil. S90&K10, S75&K25 and S50&K50 were prepared by blending biodiesel with kerosene. A 4 cylinder diesel engine that was used to drive an electric generator was used to deeply investigate the similarity of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the blend fuels to D2. All experiments were carried out at constant loads of 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 kW generated powers. Patterns of combustion parameters found to be quite similar for blends and D2 fuel. NOx emissions were considerably decreased with percentages of 68.2%, 56.9% and 55.1% for S50&K50, S75&K25 and S90&K10, respectively while unburned HC emissions were a bit increased. Mass fuel consumption and BSFC were slightly increased for S75&K25 and S90&K10, but they were decreased with an average increase in BTE by 3.84% for S50&K50 fuel when compared to D2. Eventually, it was concluded that high percentages of safflower oil biodiesel can be a potential substitute for diesel fuel provided that it is used as blended with certain amounts of kerosene.Öğe Evaluation of combustion, performance and emission indicators of canola oil-kerosene blends in a power generator diesel engine(Elsevier, 2017-03-05) Aydın, Hüseyin; Işık, Mehmet Zerrakki; Bayındır, HasanDirect use of vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engines leads to some important engine operational problems that need to be solved in order to make their usability possible. Canola oil was blended with kerosene by percentages of 90% canola oil-10% kerosene (C90&K10), 75% canola oil-25% kerosene (C75&K25) and 50% canola oil-50% kerosene (C50&K50). These blend fuels were initially analyzed by means of physicochemical fuel properties and comparisons were made with standard diesel fuel. Blend fuels and standard diesel fuel (D2) were than tested in a diesel power generator with 4 cylinders in order to investigate the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the blend fuels and compare them with the petroleum based diesel fuel (D2). All experiments were carried out at specified output power values of 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 kW and 1500 rpm constants speed. The combustion characteristics of canola oil kerosene blends have found be quite similar to those of D2. Mass fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) were slightly increased for blend fuels. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and exhaust smoke opacities were considerably reduced for blends while carbon monoxides (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were a bit increased. It can be concluded that kerosene blended vegetable oils can be used as fuel with improved combustion and performance characteristics compared to those of pure vegetable oils.Öğe Effect of ethanol blending with biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a CI engine(Elsevier, 2010-02-02) Aydın, Hüseyin; İlkılıç, CumaliThe use of biodiesel as an alternative diesel engine fuel is increasing rapidly. However, due to technical deficiencies, they are rarely used purely or with high percentages in unmodified diesel engines. Therefore, in this study, we used ethanol as an additive to research the possible use of higher percentages of biodiesel in an unmodified diesel engine. Commercial diesel fuel, 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel, called here as B20, and 80% biodiesel and 20% ethanol, called here as BE20, were used in a single cylinder, four strokes direct injection diesel engine. The effect of test fuels on engine torque, power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, and CO, CO2, NOx and SO2 emissions was investigated. The experimental results showed that the performance of CI engine was improved with the use of the BE20 especially in comparison to B20. Besides, the exhaust emissions for BE20 were fairly reduced.Öğe Investigation on the effects of gasoline reactivity controlled compression ignition application in a diesel generator in high loads using safflower biodiesel blends(Elsevier, 2019-04) Işık, Mehmet Zerakki; Aydın, HüseyinIn this study, the effects of Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) application on engine combustion, performance and emissions in a diesel generator were investigated. In the experiments, safflower oil derived biodiesel and diesel mixtures were used as the high reactivity fuel (primary fuel) and gasoline as the low reactivity fuel. The RCCI application was provided by the connection of a secondary fuel injection system with the intake manifold. The gasoline RCCI application rate was 30% and 50% of the total mass fuel consumption of the engine and was pre-mixed as port fuel injection (PFI). Tests were performed at a constant engine load (10.8 kW) and engine speed of 1500 rpm. The purpose of using diesel and biodiesel mixtures is to increase the reactivity of the primary fuel that facilitates the start of the combustion. The combustion, performance and emissions, which are the most important parameters of the engine operation, have been thoroughly investigated and the results were presented. In RCCI application, in peak values of pressure, velocity of heat release, average gas temperature partial increases were determined. When the ratio of gasoline PFI was increased, the NOx emissions significantly decreased and the engine efficiency was also increased, while the CO and HC emissions were slightly increased.
