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Öğe Assessment of heavy metal pollution of urban soils of Batman by multiple pollution indices(Taylor & Francis, 2021-03-28) Baran, Hacı Alim; Gümüş Kıral, NurcanHeavy metal accumulation is observed in urban soils, sometimes due to anthropological effects and sometimes due to natural geological units. In order to determine the heavy metal content of the Upper MioceneLower Pliocene Selmo Formation, which is observed in the whole study area and consists of conglomerate, sandstone and silt stone, soil and river sediment samples were taken. Within the scope of pollution assessment, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF) and pollution index (PI) calculations of Batman urban soil samples were made and different degrees of pollution values were determined. High pollution values were obtained for As, Mo and Sb elements in all pollution indices calculated. The pollution levels of the three elements were determined as strongly to extremely contaminated according to Igeo values, the others except As (very severe enrichment) according to EF values were determined as severe enrichment, and according to PI, all three were determined as strong polluted. Pollution and element distribution maps were created with a geographical information system software. According to the results of correlation analysis and cluster analysis, the elements found to be contaminated are divided into two groups, whose locations and sources of contamination are different. The first group (Sn, Zn and Pb) is observed in the approximate centre of the study area and developed due to traffic emissions. The elements belonging to the second group (especially As, Mo and Sb) show high pollution values in the south-southeast of the study area. These pollutions are thought to be caused by the inadequate storage of mineral oils and batteries that are changed in the industrial site and from leaks in the oil production, storage, refining and transmission phase in TPAO, TÜPRAŞ and BOTAŞ. The analysed samples were compared with the Soil Pollution Control Regulation and WHO standards, and Co, Ni and As element values were found to exceed the permissible values for healthÖğe Mineral exploration using remote sensing: the case of Hakkari(Dicle University, 2019) Baran, Hacı Alim; Nalbantçılar, Mahmut TahirHakkari is an important province in terms of natural resources. It is a city where mining activities have been observed since the Roman Period, which is located in an important metallogenic belt of our country and which has become famous in this field with the increasing mining activities in recent years. The region has a geological structure consisting mainly of carbonated rocks, ranging from Permian to Jurassic age. On these units, Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian aged Yüksekova melange, Paleocene and Miocene aged sediments are unconformably observed. The region is geologically passive continental margin. These geological environments are important for metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn and some industrial materials such as barite. When the mineralizations known in Hakkari are examined; there are 3 pieces chrome quarries connected to ophiolitic melange, 5 pieces marble quarries connected to carbonate rocks, 10 pieces Pb-Zn and 2 Cu deposits. Considering its geological structure, characteristics and existing mineral deposits, it is highly likely to host other mineralizations whose existence has not been determined. In this study, geological structure and tectonic environment of Hakkari province have been investigated and remote sensing techniques have been used in order to determine existing mineral deposits and potential potential mine sites. In this context, lithological mapping, band ratio, contrast stretching, color composite image generation techniques were used on Landsat 8 satellite image of Hakkari province. As it is known, most of the mineral deposits are not observed directly on the surface. These deposits can often be determined by the determination of the alteration minerals or zones indicating mineralization. In this context, as a result of determination of alteration sites with the help of ferrous formations, clay and hydroxyl minerals, the detection of existing deposits has been performed successfully. In addition to the detection of existing deposits, the presence of 2 possible mining sites in the southeast of the province was determined.
