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Öğe Characterization of an Early Bronze Age pottery group from the upper Tigris valley (Turkey) by means of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques(X-RAY Spectrometry, 2019-04-17) Kozbe, Gülriz; Bayazıt, MuratIn this archaeometric research potsherds from Kavuşan Höyük (a mound located in the upper Tigris valley) representing the Metallic Ware, a diagnostic ceramic group mostly found in north Mesopotamia was characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in order to differ the imitated ones, if exist, to reveal the production technologies and compare the results with the previous archaeometric works concerning Metallic Ware. For this purpose, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used. Two groups were specified as the calcareous “imitations” and the dominant noncalcareous ware as the real ones. The results suggested that the noncalcareous ware of Kavuşan was presumably not produced with the possible clay deposits mentioned in previous studies, which focused on the provenance investigation of a wide range of Metallic Ware samples from the upper Tigris valley. It was also concluded from the results that the calcareous imitations would presumably belong to a local (in the name of Kavuşan) or regional (the upper Tigris) production due to the geological and chemical affinities.Öğe Kütahya çiniciliğinde değişen ve yok olan üretim yöntemleri(Restorasyon ve Konservasyon Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2017-08-23) Taşkıran, Gürbüz; Bayazıt, Murat; Özlem, Hazal; Eruş, Ersan; Gül, SelmaServing to the purpose of making the life easier and more qualified, science and technology have begun to directly affect the life, culture and art perception of humanity, particularly after the industrialization, and sometimes caused to extinction or alteration of various traditional values. Although today’s technology comes forward thanks to its advantageous features such as minimizing the manufacture costs and therefore economically increasing the preference of the products, the situation of that the handicrafts produced by using traditional methods are about to vanish is also attributed to the reasons based on technology. Albeit there are some efforts in terms of preserving the art and traditional manufacture, there seems to be a very little improvement in this context due to both the obstacles encountered in training new masters and the distanced stance of new generation to culture. In the present study, art tile production techniques were assessed in context of evaluating the possible changes occurred parallel to the technological developments and also by considering the current production conditions of Kütahya art tiles which are one of the most significant products of traditional Turkish handicrafts.Öğe Art tiles on historical architectures: deterioration and conservation(Anadolu Üniversitesi, 2014-10) Taşkıran, Gürbüz; Bayazıt, Murat; Ersan Eruş, Hazal ÖzlemThe art of tile emerges as one of the most significant ornamentation facts and construction materials used in Turkish architecture. Art tiles have been commonly employed on interior and exterior sites including mainly dome, iwan, window pediments and altars. Art tiles possess unique features as a construction material and they have period-specific implementation styles and manufacturing techniques. This study dealt with the causes regarding deteriorations occurred on tiles used in architecture and also with the recommendations of restoration and conservation. The reasons causing the deterioration of the tiles used in construction consist mainly of the interior and exterior factors. In the framework of the deteriorations occurred due to the interior effects, the structural parameters covering the features of the tile production, and also the failures emerging from the implementation techniques employed on the structure have been evaluated. Additionally, the deteriorations due to external influences such as atmosphere, water, humidity, earthquake, fire, vegetal-animal, and also the human induced effects have been examined with the visual examples. In this context, suggestions regarding the implementation process in restoration and conservation have been submitted. The presence of the tiles comes forward as a decisive fact in determination of the deteriorations observed on the historical structures together with their reasons, and also in identification of the restoration and conservation methods. With this study, it has been proved again that it is mostly possible by the conscious and interdisciplinary studies to maintain the existence of the cultural heritages and to convey them through the next generations with their unique characteristics.
