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Öğe Biodiesel production from raw cottonseed oil and its characterization(Energy Education Science and Technolgy Part A, 2011-07) Altun, Şehmus; Yaşar, Fevzi; Öner, CengizIn this study, raw cottonseed oil of Turkish origin was transesterified using methyl alcohol and an alkali catalyst to obtain the cottonseed oil methyl ester. The obtained cottonseed oil methyl ester was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) for determining the fatty acid composition. The fuel-related properties of cottonseed oil methyl ester, cold filter plugging point, cloud point, kinematic viscosity, density, cetane index, flash point, distillation, sulfur content and heating value were determined and compared with those of petroleum diesel fuel and international biodiesel standards. From gas chromatograph analysis, it was found that the cottonseed oil methyl ester has the more amount of total unsaturated FA, therefore, it showed better cold-flow properties than more saturated ones, as expected. Moreover, the fuel-related properties of cottonseed oil methyl ester were within the specified standardsÖğe Fuel properties of biodiesels produced from blends of canola oil and animal tallow(SILA SCIENCE, 2011-04) Adin, Hamit; Altun, Şehmus; Yaşar, FevziBiodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oil or animal fats by transesterification with methanol for using in diesel engines. The viscosity and density of biodiesel fuels are important parameters due to being key fuel properties for injection and combustion process of diesel engines. These fuel properties mainly depend on the feedstock which is used in the biodiesel production. Also, lubricity is an important for diesel engine fuels due to the fuel injection systems are lubricated by the fuel itself. In this study, the blends containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of food-grade canola oil/inedible animal tallow in volume basis were prepared and converted into methyl esters by base-catalyzed transesterification. Effect of canola oil ration in the feedstock on the viscosity, density and lubricity were investigated. Lubricity was determined using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) test. Experimental results showed that the kinematics viscosity of increased as animal tallow ratio increased in the feedstock, as animal tallow itself is more viscous than canola oil. Also, density did not change much when blended feedstocks were used. Besides, it was observed that lubricity of biodiesel fuels from blended feedstocks was slightly get worse compared with pure biodiesels.Öğe Effect of n-butanol blending with a blend of diesel and biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine(ACS Publications, 2011-06-22) Adin, Hamit; Altun, Şehmus; Yaşar, Fevzi; Öner, CengizExperimental work was conducted to evaluate the effect of using n-butanol (normal butanol) in conventional diesel fuel–biodiesel blends on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine with the engine working at a constant engine speed and at different three engine loads. A blend of biodiesel and diesel fuel known as B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel in volume) was prepared, and then n-butanol was added to B20 at a volume percent of 10% and 20% (denoted as B20Bu10 and B20Bu20, respectively). Fuel consumption; regulated exhaust emissions such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and total unburned hydrocarbons; and smoke opacity were measured. The brake specific fuel consumption of fuel blends was found to be higher when compared to that of conventional diesel fuel. On the other hand, the addition of n-butanol to the B20 fuel blend caused a slight increase in the brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency in comparison to the B20 fuel blend. For exhaust emissions, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HCs) emissions decreased, and NOx remained almost unchanged at low engine loads, while it decreased at high engine loads. Fuel blends also resulted in a sharp reduction of smoke opacity in the whole range of engine tests.
