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Öğe Batman şehir merkezinde hava kirliliği ve kontrolü(Batman Üniversitesi, 2017) Adin, Hamit; Yaşar, Fevzi; Altun, Şehmus; İşcan, BahattinBu çalışmada yapılan analizler, geçmiş yılların verileri ve en önemli atmosferik hava kirliliği bileşenlerinin ölçüm değerleri kullanılarak Batman şehir merkezindeki hava kirliliği kalite indekslerine göre araştırılmıştır. Batman şehir merkezide, hava kirliliği oluşturan temel bileşenlerden olan kükürtdioksit(SO2) ve partikül maddeler (PM) 2006-2011 yılları için incelenmiştir. Ölçülen değerler, Hava Kalitesi Kontrol Yönetmeliği (HKKY) ve Avrupa Birliğinin (AB) belirlediği sınır değerlere göre kıyaslanmıştır. Buna göre, Batman şehir merkezindeki hava kirliliği sınır değerleri HKKY değerlerinin altında kalmış fakat AB’nin belirlediği sınır değerlerin üstünde kalmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Batman şehir merkezinde düzenli hava kalitesi ölçümleri yapılmamakta olup, yerel bir çevre komitesinin oluşturulması, hava kirliliğinin önlenmesinde gerekli tedbirlerin alınması gerekmektedir. Alınması gereken tedbirler ayrıca sıralanmıştır.Öğe Air pollution, pollutant emissions and harmfull effects(Batman Üniversitesi, 2017) Aydın, Hüseyin; İlkılıç, CumaliPresent paper is an overview of the engine and air pollution problem especially in the urban areas. Air pollution is caused bu pollutant emissions is popular problem that should be solved in the world by means of its harmfull effects. The combustion processes of diesel and gasoline fuels in realted engines and other hydrocarbon fuels in termical machines are main sources of air pollutant emissions. These main pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulates matter (PM), lead (Pb), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). All these emissions are firstly introduced and classified in the view of their sorces and formation processes. Then, their negative and harmfull effects on global warming, environment and human healt have been presented. Finaly the processes and technologies of reducing these pollutant emissions were presented.Öğe The harmful effects of diesel engine exhaust emissions(Taylor & Francis, 2012-03-16) İlkılıç, Cumali; Aydın, HüseyinWith the increase in the number of engine vehicles, air pollution is also increasing quickly; and with the increase in air pollution, all living conditions are affected in a negative way. Diesel engines also cause air pollution, which adversely affects human health and is becoming a permanent problem. A single-cylinder diesel engine was used in this work; the exhaust gas emissions, in different speed ranges, were investigated. These emissions are carbon monoxide emissions (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x), oxygen (O 2), and carbon dioxide (CO 2). The amount of the changes in emissions was evaluated in terms of air pollution with graphics.Öğe Investigation of combustion efficiency in flue gases: Batman city example(Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, 2016-03) Karakaya, Hakan; Ercan, Umut; Kallioğlu, Mehmet Ali; Avcı, Ali Serkan; Düz, HasanEnergy, a requirement for meeting people’s needs and for continuation of healthy development of a country, is particularly used in fields such as industry, house heating and transportation. However, in addition to its benefits essential for life, energy causes great deal of environmental pollution during its production, conversion, transportation and consumption. One of the basic causes of environment and air pollution is that combustion does not occur efficiently. Therefore, it is important to find out combustion efficiency after flue gas analysing measurements are carried out. In this study, with regard to flue gas exit heat, CO2, O2, combustion efficiency of fuels such as wood, lignite and natural gas which are mostly used in heating systems of houses in Batman city were investigated.Öğe The effects and causes of air pollution in Batman(Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, 2017) Karakaya, Hakan; Kallioğlu, Mehmet Ali; Avcı, Ali Serkan; Ercan, Umut; Kıstak, CelalIn our metropolitan areas, air pollution may occur especially in winter due to dense and irregular urbanization, increasing motor vehicles usage, irregular industrialization, low-quality fuel use, topographical and meteorological conditions etc. This study was carried out to determine the quality of air at the city center of Batman, Europe's dirtiest 2nd City, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) air pollution report and to investigate the causes of air pollution. SO2 and PM10 concentrations were taken as air quality parameters from Batman Governorship Provincial Directorate of Environment and Urbanization to examine the air quality. The data obtained were compared with other countries’ standards and a solution to improve air quality was identified. The average annual temperature is 16 °C and the amount of precipitation is 750-1000 millimeters and Mediterranean climate characteristics are observed in Batman. There exists an Air Quality Measurement Device in Batman Province, which is located in the parking lot of Batman Governorship. During the day, every half an hour data is obtained and parameters of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10) are measured by the air pollution monitoring station. The obtained data show that the average value of PM is 91,8μg/m3 which is exceeding EU and Turkey limit values based on yearly averages of 2015. The annual mean value of SO2 was found to be 7,08μg/m3 but in winter it increased to 23 μg/m3 with the start of the warm-up season in addition to refineries. Increases in PM10value to 131 μg/m3 in the winter season, causes to reach the potential that create risks on public health. In this city built on the low altitude plains of Batman, inadequate air circulation cannot disperse and dilute pollutant factors. It has been observed that PM10 value increases with asphalt plants, refineries, traffic and dust coming from the Syrian territory. In order for the city to have clean and healthy air, problems related to heating must be solved. The use of natural gas should be encouraged instead of coal. Amount of the green areas which are famous to produce oxygen should be increased in the city. And in new urban planning, meteorological factors especially wind speed and direction should be taken into account.Öğe Air pollution, pollutant emissions and harmfull effects(Batman Üniversitesi, 2017-12-31) Aydın, Hüseyin; İlkılıç, CumaliPresent paper is an overview of the engine and air pollution problem especially in the urban areas. Air pollution is caused bu pollutant emissions is popular problem that should be solved in the world by means of its harmfull effects. The combustion processes of diesel and gasoline fuels in realted engines and other hydrocarbon fuels in termical machines are main sources of air pollutant emissions. These main pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulates matter (PM), lead (Pb), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). All these emissions are firstly introduced and classified in the view of their sorces and formation processes. Then, their negative and harmfull effects on global warming, environment and human healt have been presented.Öğe Gaseous emission comparison of a compression-ignition engine fueled with different biodiesels(Islamic Azad University of Research and Technology, 2012-12-14) Altun, Şehmus; Öner, CengizIn this study, it was performed a comparison of the performance and emissions of two methyl ester fuels: one obtained from animal fat and the other from crude canola oil, in a compression-ignition engine against diesel fuel. The experimental results compared with diesel fuel showed that significant reductions could be obtained by biodiesel derived from animal fat in carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen emissions. Carbon dioxide emissions showed a trend of decreasing with the biodiesel fuels. An increase in brake specific fuel consumption was observed for different biodiesel fuels when compared with diesel fuel. It was concluded that animal tallow methyl ester performed better than canola oil methyl ester, whereas slightly higher brake torque is observed with canola oil methyl ester.Öğe Batman ilinde ısıtma sezonunda kullanılan farklı yakıt türlerinin emisyon değerlerinin araştırılması(Dicle University, 2016) Kallioğlu, Mehmet Ali; Avcı, Ali Serkan; Ercan, UmutHer geçen gün kömür, petrol gibi fosil enerji kaynaklarının daha ne kadar süre kullanılabileceği tartışıla dururken, dünya tüm canlı hayatını tehlikeli boyutlarda etkisi altına alan bir çevre sorunu ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Sera etkisi ve ozon tabakasında oluşan deliğin her geçen gün büyümesi sonucunda ortaya çıkan küresel ısınma sorununa çözüm arayışları başlamıştır. Küresel ısınmaya karşı alınacak tedbirlerin başında, atmosfere salınan baca gazı emisyonlarını azaltmanın önemi ortaya konulmuştur. Artan sanayi ve teknoloji ile birlikte, nüfus artışı, şehirleşme, yaşam standartlarının gelişmesi, enerji tüketimini hızlı bir şekilde arttırmaktadır. Batman ili enerji tüketiminin büyük bir kısmı, binalarda ısıtma ve soğutma amaçlı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile ısıtma sezonunda batman ilinde kullanılan farklı yakıt türlerinin emisyonları değerleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ele alınan parametreler CO2, O2, CO, NO, NOx, SO2‗dir. Ölçümler yakıt türlerine göre önceden belirlenmiş binaların baca gazı çıkında, baca gazı analiz cihazı yardımıyla ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen emisyon değerleri ile dış hava kalitesi standartları karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, fosil yakıt kullanılan sistemlerin temel emisyon değerleri doğalgaz kullanılan sisteme göre daha yüksektir. Ülkemizde konut ısıtmasında oldukça yüksek oranda kullanılan fosil yakıtlar yerine, daha temiz, daha verimli olan doğalgazlı sistemler kullanılması düşünülmektedir.
