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Öğe Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine(Elsevier, 2010-03) Aydın, Hüseyin; Bayındır, HasanIn this study, performance and emissions of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine was experimentally investigated. For the study, cottonseed oil methyl ester (CSOME) was added to diesel fuel, numbered D2, by volume of 5%(B5), 20%(B20), 50%(B50) and 75%(B75) as well as pure CSOME (B100). Fuels were tested in a single cylinder, direct injection, air cooled diesel engine. The effects of CSOME-diesel blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions were examined at various engine speeds and full loaded engine. The effect of B5, B20, B50, B75, B100 and D2 on the engine power, engine torque, bsfc's and exhaust gasses temperature were clarified by the performance tests. The influences of blends on CO, NOx, SO2 and smoke opacity were investigated by emission tests. The experimental results showed that the use of the lower blends (B5) slightly increases the engine torque at medium and higher speeds in compression ignition engines. However, there were no significant differences in performance values of B5, B20 and diesel fuel. Also with the increase of the biodiesel in blends, the exhaust emissions were reduced. The experimental results showed that the lower contents of CSOME in the blends can partially be substituted for the diesel fuel without any modifications in diesel engines.Öğe Biofuels derived from Turkish industry wastes - A study of performance and emissions in a diesel engine(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-08-13) Altun, Şehmus; Rodríguez-Fernández, JoséRecently, research has focused on the biofuel production from local industrial wastes due to the risk of greenhouse emissions derived from land-use change (both directly and indirectly) of conventional feedstock and the social concern about the effect of conventional biofuel production on oil prices and its availability (the so-called food vs. fuel debate). Therefore, with the aim to evaluate the use of biofuels derived from wastes from traditional manufacturing industries in Turkey, biodiesel fuels from leather fat, obtained as a by-product in the leather industry, waste anchovy fish oil, derived from the fish-processing industry, and waste frying cottonseed oil achieved from food industry, have been tested in a three-cylinder DI diesel engine at a steady-state condition. In a previous work, the viability of these fuels was evaluated by analyzing measured and estimated properties and indicators for main diesel emissions, and recommendations were made on their alternative use to conventional biodiesels with the benefit of potentially lower life-cycle greenhouse emissions. The experimental results, which were compared with ULSD operation, demonstrated that the engine performance was not significantly affected, while a substantial change in emissions was observed with the use of biofuels. In general, the emission results reported here are in a similar range to those obtained with the use of conventional biodiesel fuels. Nonetheless, the exact magnitude of these changes depended upon the biodiesel origin. Lubricity of alternative biofuels was also tested, revealing an enormous capacity for protecting the fuel system from wear, in line with conventional biodiesel fuels.Öğe Effect of ethanol blending with biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a CI engine(Elsevier, 2010-02-02) Aydın, Hüseyin; İlkılıç, CumaliThe use of biodiesel as an alternative diesel engine fuel is increasing rapidly. However, due to technical deficiencies, they are rarely used purely or with high percentages in unmodified diesel engines. Therefore, in this study, we used ethanol as an additive to research the possible use of higher percentages of biodiesel in an unmodified diesel engine. Commercial diesel fuel, 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel, called here as B20, and 80% biodiesel and 20% ethanol, called here as BE20, were used in a single cylinder, four strokes direct injection diesel engine. The effect of test fuels on engine torque, power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, and CO, CO2, NOx and SO2 emissions was investigated. The experimental results showed that the performance of CI engine was improved with the use of the BE20 especially in comparison to B20. Besides, the exhaust emissions for BE20 were fairly reduced.Öğe Emissions from an engine fueled with biodiesel-kerosene blends(Taylor & Francis, 2011-01) Aydın, Hüseyin; Bayındır, Hasan; İlkılıç, CumaliBiofuels are renewable energy sources for internal combustion engines and they have low emissions. They are increasingly used as an alternative to petroleum fuels. In this work, three different fuel types, such as commercial diesel fuel (D2), 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel called here as B20, and 80% biodiesel and 20% kerosene, called here as BK20, were used in a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection compression ignition engine. Kerosene was used as an additive to approach the properties of biodiesel to D2. The effects of the blends on CO, NOx, and smoke emissions as well as on some of the performance parameter of the engine were investigated. The prepared fuel, BK20 blend, has almost the same fuel properties as conventional diesel fuel. The experimental results showed that the exhaust emissions for BK20 were fairly reduced as compared to diesel fuel as well as B20. Besides, the performance of CI engine was improved with the use of the BK20, especially in comparison to B20. Results suggest that the BK20 can be substituted to the petroleum-based diesel fuel in diesel engines.Öğe Atık trafo yağlarının dizel motorlu bir jeneratör setinde alternatif yakıt olarak kullanılması(Batman Üniversitesi, 2017) Yıldız, Abdulkerim; Altun, ŞehmusBu çalışmada kullanılmış trafo yağları bir dizel motorlu jeneratör setinde alternatif yakıt olarak kullanılmıştır. Kullanılmış trafo yağlarının konvansiyonel dizel yakıtlara göre çok yüksek olan viskozitesinden dolayı direk olarak kullanımı yerine dizel yakıtı ile karıştırılarak test edilmiştir. Konvansiyonel dizel yakıtına hacimsel olarak %10 oranında artışlar ile eklenen kullanılmış trafo yağının %60 oranına kadar viskozitesinin belirtilen standartlar içerisinde kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla kullanılmış trafo yağının konvansiyonel dizel yakıtı ile %20, %40, %60 ve %80 oranlarındaki karışımları 4-zamanlı ve 4-silindirli bir direk püskürtmeli dizel motorlu jeneratör setinde sabit hız-değişik yük koşullarında test edilmiştir. Testlerde her bir yakıt için performans ve egzoz emisyonu ile silindir gaz basıncı ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Ölçülen ve hesaplanan değerler aynı şartlarda konvansiyonel dizel yakıtı kullanımına göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Deneylerde ayrıca yüksek oranda (%80 v/v) kullanılmış trafo yağı içeren bir karışım yakıt daha test edilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar karışım yakıtların kullanımı ile özgül yakıt tüketiminin yaklaşık %38 oranında düştüğünü bununla beraber efektif verimin ise yaklaşık %39 oranında arttığını göstermiştir. Karışım yakıtların kullanımı ile ortalama NOx ve HC emisyonları konvansiyonel dizel kullanımına göre azalmıştır. Maksimum silindir gaz basıncı değerleri kullanılmış trafo yağı karışımlarında dizele göre daha yüksek ölçülmüştür. Bununla beraber karışım yakıtların kullanımı ile yanma dizele göre daha geç başlarken ortalama gaz sıcaklığı daha yüksek olmuştur.
