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Öğe Effects of ethanol addition to biodiesel fuels derived from cottonseed oil and its cooking waste as fuel in a generator diesel engine(Taylor & Francis, 2020-03) Karakaya, HakanExploration of energy sources such as renewable and non-edible vegetable oils has been continued during the recent two decades of 2000s. Cottonseed oil is a non-edible, abundant oil and is generally used as cooking oil. In the present study, the usability of biodiesel derived from both cottonseed oil and its cooking wastes was investigated by blending them with ULSD or ethanol in 50 percentages. B50, WB50, B50E50 and WB50E50, biodiesel and ethanol-contained fuels and ULSD were prepared for experiments. Combustion, performance, and emissions tests were conducted on a diesel engine used for power-producing electrical generator. In the combustion tests, cylinder pressure, HRR, CHR, MGT, and MFB were analyzed while MFC, BSFC, exhaust manifold temperature, and thermal efficiency were obtained in the performance tests. In the emissions tests, CO, HC, and NOx emissions were measured and compared with the results of ULSD. Combustion and performance findings of ULSD contained biodiesel blends were found more similar to those of ULSD. The duration of combustion stage can clearly be seen to be narrowed for ethanol-contained blend because of the rabid combustion characteristics of ethanol. Besides, the peak of HRR was found 10% higher for B50E50 while it was found averagely 8% for WB50E50 blends. NOx emissions were found 48% lower averagely for ethanol contained biodiesel blends that it is the most important finding of ethanol using with biodiesel. Besides, HC emissions were also found about 75% for biodiesel contained diesel fuel blends.Öğe Fuel properties of biodiesels produced from different feedstocks(Energy Education Science and Technolgy Part A, 2011) Altun, ŞehmusBio diesel is an oxygenated diesel fuel obtained from vegetable oils or animal fats via transesterification reaction. The fuel properties such as viscosity, density, cetane number and heating value are very important for determining the suitability of bio diesel as a diesel engine fuel. These fuel properties mainly depend on the feedstock which is used in the bio diesel production. In this study, the effect of bio diesels produced from different feed stocks such as inedible animal tallow, crude canola oil and canola oil blended with animal tallow on the fuel properties were experimentally investigated. Bio diesel fuels and their blends with petroluem diesel fuel were compared with petroleum diesel (petrodiesel). The results showed that the viscosity and density of all the methyl esters were higher than that of petrodiesel, while the heating values of the methyl esters was lower. Besides, the viscosity and the density of methyl esters are within the bio diesel standards, except for animal tallow methyl ester and it was slightly out of the specification EN 14214. Animal tallow bio diesel has the highest cetane number than those of other fuels include petrodiesel. It is concluded that bio diesels and their blends with petrodiesel have suitable fuel properties, especially cetane numbers, for diesel combustion process.Öğe Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel obtained from a hybrid feedstock(Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, 2011-04) Altun, ŞehmusVegetable oils and animal fats are widely investigated as a alternative fuel for diesel engines because of their high cetane number. However, animal fats are highly viscous and mostly in solid form at ambient temperature that they need modifications before using them in diesel engines. Pre-heated, blending, transesterification and emulsification are well known to improve usage of animal fats in diesel engines. In this study, biodiesel was produced from a hybrid feedstock (60% crude canola oil/40% inedible animal tallow) by transesterification and tested in a DI diesel engine for determining exhaust emissions and comparing those of biodiesel from pure animal tallow. Biodiesel fuels were tested as blends in diesel fuel (50% biodiesel and 50% diesel fuel). The experimental results show that, compared with animal tallow biodiesel blend, hybrid feedstock biodiesel blend has higher viscosity, density, brake specific fuel consumption, CO and NO x emissions and a lower cetane number, brake thermal efficiency.Öğe Comparative experimental investigation on the effects of heavy alcohols- safflower biodiesel blends on combustion, performance and emissions in a power generator diesel engine(Elsevier, 2021-02-05) Işık, Mehmet ZerrakkiThe experimental works carried out in this article evaluates the potential of using heavy alcohol and safflower biodiesel as the blended fuel mixtures without making any modifications in the tests diesel engine. For this purpose, volumetrically 20% of Propanol, Pentanol, Butanol, and Octanol were blended with safflower biodiesel fuel and they were named as PR20, PE20, BU20, and OC20, respectively. The performance, combustion, and emission data were found out at the same conditions of constant engine speed and various loads and compared with pure biodiesel (B100) and diesel fuel(ULSD). In the experiments, a four-cylinder, water-cooled diesel engine that was loaded by an electrical power generator was used for the tests. The addition of alcohol causes an increase in fuel consumption due to a decrease in lower thermal performance. The use of heavy alcohols in diesel engine in specific quantities by mixing with biodiesel significantly increases engine brake thermal efficiency. Negative effects of low cetane number and high latent heat of vaporization that may decrease ignition delay and decrease cylinder pressure while increase peak heat release was considered to be compensated by the better mixing properties and atomization of alcohol blended biodiesel thus eventually improve the combustion. Alcohol addition to biodiesel fuel can be accepted as a useful application to increase brake thermal efficiency and reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by reducing the density and viscosity.
