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Öğe Investigation of the effects of butanol addition on safflower biodiesel usage as fuel in a generator diesel engine(Elsevier, 2018-06-15) Aydın, Hüseyin; Çelebi, YahyaAs our world demands more and more energy and fossil fuel resources are running out, searches onfindingalternative fuels in internal combustion engines are increasing. Alcohols and biofuels obtained from oils can beused as alternative diesel fuels. The present work investigated the effects ofn-butanol addition to safflowerbiodiesel usage in a diesel engine used for driving an electrical power generator. Safflower biodiesel was ob-tained by using transesterification method. Binary blends of butanol-biodiesel and ternary blends of ultra-lowsulfur diesel-biodiesel–butanol were contained 5%, 10%, and 20% butanol in volume basis. The tests werecarried out on a four-cylinder, four-strokes, and direct-injection diesel engine at half load operation with stableengine speed of 1500 rpm. Experimental test results on combustion characteristics, emission and performance ofthe fuels were investigated. According to test results, formation of heat release rates and in-cylinder pressurecurves were considerably similar and total heat transfer, average gas temperature and mass fraction burned wereslightly changed. The ternary blends showed lower emission and increased brake thermal efficiency up to 1.5%.Besides, average mass fuel consumption was increased up to 5% and brake specific fuel consumption up to 6%.For the other fuels, emission and brake thermal efficiency were deteriorated.Öğe Effects of isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) on combustion characteristics of a RCCI engine fueled by biodiesel fuel(Journals & Books, 2021-10) Altun, Şehmus; Okcu, Mutlu; Varol, Yasin; Fırat, MüjdatThe reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) strategy using fuels with different reactivity’s has attracted attention due to its high thermal efficiency as well as very low NOx and PM emissions in comparison to conventional combustion. As previous studies have shown that the type and amount of low reactivity fuel have a significant contribution to the in-cylinder reactivity, thus RCCI combustion, in this study, Iso-Propanol-Butanol-Ethanol (IBE), which has comparable characteristics to n-butanol and ethanol, is employed as low reactivity fuel (LRF) in a RCCI engine fueled by petroleum based EN590 fuel and commercial biodiesel. The IBE mixture was in volumetric ratios of 3:6:1 as in the fermentation process of butanol, that is to say; 30% Iso-Propanol, 60% Butanol and 10% Ethanol. In each experimental condition, keeping the total energy of the fuel supplied to the engine in conventional combustion mode for each cycle as constant, the premixed ratio (Rp) in case RCCI combustion was applied as 0%, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% (the amount of LRF in energy basis) over this energy amount. The effect of premixed ratio of IBE on combustion characteristics were investigated in a single-cylinder RCCI engine under different loads with using both petroleum diesel and biodiesel as high-reactivity fuels (HRF), respectively. According to experimental results, a higher in-cylinder pressure was measured by using diesel in both conventional and RCCI mode compared to the use of biodiesel. Considering the peak in-cylinder pressure and rate of heat release, the premixed ratio (Rp) of up to 45% was found as optimum for all loads while it was up to 30%Rp for the NOx emissions. In addition, the biodiesel-fueled RCCI engine produced the lowest smoke opacity in all loads and it gradually decreased by up to 97% with the application of the RCCI strategy. Furthermore, the results showed that a simultaneous reduction in NOx and smoke opacity could be obtained under 60% load and up to 30% Rp with a marginal increase in unburned HC emissions.Öğe An overview on the light alcohol fuels in diesel engines(Elsevier, 2019-01-15) Aydın, Hüseyin; Çelebi, YahyaOne of the most useful characteristics of the science is its cumulative concept. This work was done as an attemptto contribute this nature. As many reports have revealed that petroleum based fuels are depleting and releasingharmful emissions to the natural atmosphere, law makers contemplate to eliminate or at least mitigate theseissues for the near future. In order to deeply address these issues, many studies have been proposed on the usageof alternative fuels such as methanol and ethanol to diminish exhaust gas pollution released from the internalcombustion engines and to replace conventional fuels with alternative fuels that have extensive feedstock. Lightalcohols (methanol and ethanol) are the most promising fuels in internal combustion engines thanks to theirextensive feedstock, low-emissions, low-cost and easy-adaptability to the engine technologies. It has been re-corded in the recent past that many researches have worked on light alcohol effects especially in diesel engines.In the light of the previous literature, this present paper reviews the past works to identify the effects of lightalcohols on performance, combustion and emissions in the internal combustion engines including the produc-tions, economic benefits, applications, demand and supply, environmental and human impacts of light alcohols.Various applications of light alcohols in diesel engines with diesel, biodiesel, the blends of diesel/biodiesel anddiesel/biodiesel/esters in the internal combustion engines are summarized
