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Öğe Exhaust emissions of a CI engine operated with biodiesel from rapeseed oil(Taylor & Francis, 2011-01-16) Aydın, Hüseyin; İlkılıç, CumaliIn this study, biodiesel was produced from rapeseed oil and was used in a single cylinder, naturally aspirated and direct-injected diesel engine as pure biodiesel (B100) and as a blend with standard diesel fuel by 20% biodiesel to 80% diesel fuel (B20). The diesel engine emissions and some performance parameters were investigated at fully loaded engine conditions. The effects of pure biodiesel and its blend with diesel fuel on emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were clarified. Results showed that biodiesel fuel is environmentally friendly since it reduced the emissions of CO, SO 2, and CO2 of engines at all speeds. Results also indicated that the pure biodiesel gave about 12% lower power and 20 to 25% higher fuel consumption as compared to diesel. However, the results were almost the same or slightly different from a blend of biodiesel-diesel and petroleum diesel fuel.Öğe Biofuels derived from Turkish industry wastes - A study of performance and emissions in a diesel engine(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-08-13) Altun, Şehmus; Rodríguez-Fernández, JoséRecently, research has focused on the biofuel production from local industrial wastes due to the risk of greenhouse emissions derived from land-use change (both directly and indirectly) of conventional feedstock and the social concern about the effect of conventional biofuel production on oil prices and its availability (the so-called food vs. fuel debate). Therefore, with the aim to evaluate the use of biofuels derived from wastes from traditional manufacturing industries in Turkey, biodiesel fuels from leather fat, obtained as a by-product in the leather industry, waste anchovy fish oil, derived from the fish-processing industry, and waste frying cottonseed oil achieved from food industry, have been tested in a three-cylinder DI diesel engine at a steady-state condition. In a previous work, the viability of these fuels was evaluated by analyzing measured and estimated properties and indicators for main diesel emissions, and recommendations were made on their alternative use to conventional biodiesels with the benefit of potentially lower life-cycle greenhouse emissions. The experimental results, which were compared with ULSD operation, demonstrated that the engine performance was not significantly affected, while a substantial change in emissions was observed with the use of biofuels. In general, the emission results reported here are in a similar range to those obtained with the use of conventional biodiesel fuels. Nonetheless, the exact magnitude of these changes depended upon the biodiesel origin. Lubricity of alternative biofuels was also tested, revealing an enormous capacity for protecting the fuel system from wear, in line with conventional biodiesel fuels.Öğe The harmful effects of diesel engine exhaust emissions(Taylor & Francis, 2012-03-16) İlkılıç, Cumali; Aydın, HüseyinWith the increase in the number of engine vehicles, air pollution is also increasing quickly; and with the increase in air pollution, all living conditions are affected in a negative way. Diesel engines also cause air pollution, which adversely affects human health and is becoming a permanent problem. A single-cylinder diesel engine was used in this work; the exhaust gas emissions, in different speed ranges, were investigated. These emissions are carbon monoxide emissions (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x), oxygen (O 2), and carbon dioxide (CO 2). The amount of the changes in emissions was evaluated in terms of air pollution with graphics.Öğe The effect of n-butanol additive on low load combustion, performance and emissions of biodiesel-diesel blend in a heavy duty diesel power generator(Elsevier, 2017-04) Işık, Mehmet Zerrakki; Bayındır, Hasan; İşcan, Bahattin; Aydın, HüseyinDiesel power generators are often used under partially load conditions. Especially, under low load conditions, it is crucial to find a solution for their considerably high brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and exhaust output emissions. Other points are the usability of waste cooking oil and an oxygenated alternative fuel in low load conditions of diesel generator. In this point of view, 10% n-butanol and 10% biodiesel mixture was blended with 80% of ultra low sulfur diesel fuel named here as BB20 was used and comparisons have been made with 20% biodiesel/80% diesel fuel named here as B20 and ultra low sulfur diesel fuel named here as (D2). Previously, main important physical and chemical fuel properties of test fuel have been found. These fuels were tested in low load operations of a diesel engine generator in order to find out the effects of blend fuels on combustion characteristics, performance and emissions of the test engine. The test results are presented in this paper and seem to raise quite interesting points. Butanol addition to diesel and biodiesel blends can be considered as a good solution for reducing density, viscosity and thus sustainable usability of biodiesel and increase thermal efficiency and lower carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) under comparatively lower load conditions in diesel power generator engines.Öğe Emissions from an engine fueled with biodiesel-kerosene blends(Taylor & Francis, 2011-01) Aydın, Hüseyin; Bayındır, Hasan; İlkılıç, CumaliBiofuels are renewable energy sources for internal combustion engines and they have low emissions. They are increasingly used as an alternative to petroleum fuels. In this work, three different fuel types, such as commercial diesel fuel (D2), 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel called here as B20, and 80% biodiesel and 20% kerosene, called here as BK20, were used in a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection compression ignition engine. Kerosene was used as an additive to approach the properties of biodiesel to D2. The effects of the blends on CO, NOx, and smoke emissions as well as on some of the performance parameter of the engine were investigated. The prepared fuel, BK20 blend, has almost the same fuel properties as conventional diesel fuel. The experimental results showed that the exhaust emissions for BK20 were fairly reduced as compared to diesel fuel as well as B20. Besides, the performance of CI engine was improved with the use of the BK20, especially in comparison to B20. Results suggest that the BK20 can be substituted to the petroleum-based diesel fuel in diesel engines.Öğe An experimental study on the exhaust emissions of a partially loaded compressed ignition engine fueled with biodiesel derived from cottonseed oil(Taylor & Francis, 2010-01) Aydın, Hüseyin; Bayındır, HasanThe world energy demand is increasing rapidly due to the excessive use of the fuels but because of limited reserves, the researchers are now looking for alternative fuels. Another serious problem associated with the use of petroleum fuel is the increase in pollutants emissions. In this study, cottonseed oil methyl ester was added to diesel fuel by volume of 5% (B5), 20% (B20), and 50% (B50). Blends were used in a single cylinder, direct injection, air-cooled diesel engine at partial and full load condition. In experiments, the effects of cottonseed oil methyl ester ester-diesel fuel blend on the engine fuel consumption and exhaust emissions were investigated at 2,000 rpm of engine speed that most engines run on. At the tests, the effect of blends on fuel consumption, exhaust gases temperature, CO, NOx, SO2, and smoke opacity was clarified. The experimental results showed that cottonseed oil methyl ester can be substituted for the diesel fuel without any modifications in diesel engines.Öğe Combustion, performance, and emissions of safflower biodiesel with dimethyl ether addition in a power generator diesel engine(Taylor & Francis, 2020-04-29) Aydın, Hüseyin; Işık, Mehmet Zerrakki; İşcan, Bahattin; Topkaya, HüsnaIn this study, the effect of dimethyl ether (DME) addition to diesel (ultralow sulfur diesel fuel) and biodiesel fuels on the combustion, performance, and emissions of a diesel-powered generator was investigated. For this purpose, fuel samples of the ternary blend that volumetrically composed of 10% safflower biodiesel–10% dimethyl ether–80% ultralow sulfur diesel fuel (B10DME10), the ternary blend that volumetrically composed of 25% safflower biodiesel–25% dimethyl ether–50% ultralow sulfur diesel fuel (B25DME25), the binary blend that volumetrically composed of 25% safflower biodiesel–75% ultralow sulfur diesel fuel (B10DME10) B25, and pure safflower oil biodiesel (B100) and standard ultralow sulfur diesel (D2) were prepared. The test engine was loaded by power drawing from the generator by the usage of equivalent powered electrical heating resistances. Generally, using DME with biodiesel improved the combustion properties of biodiesel blends that can be attributed to the lower viscosity of DME. The maximum cylinder pressure was obtained for B10DME10 in general and sometimes for B25DME25. When test fuels are compared, DME blends showed higher and earlier peaks of heat release compared to diesel and biodiesel blend fuels especially. It was found that combustion is more efficient from mass fuel consumption (MFC) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values in the use of DME than biodiesel. BSEC values of using DME in the blends considerably decreased that it is the proof of improved combustion and energy efficiency. The highest average efficiency values were obtained for B25DME25 as 28.3% although it has a lower calorific value than D2 due to the considerably improved combustion properties of DME, while the average efficiency values were 23.1%, 23.3%, and 20.7% for D2, B25, and B100 fuels, respectively. Highest carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were obtained in the use of pure biodiesel, while the lowest CO emissions were obtained in the use of DME. The addition of DME is seen to increase the nitrogen oxides (NOx) and CO emissions.
