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Öğe Combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel power generator fueled with biodiesel-kerosene and biodiesel-kerosene-diesel blends(Elsevier, 2017-02-05) Bayındır, Hasan; Işık, Mehmet Zerrakki; Argunhan, Zeki; Yücel, Halit Lütfi; Aydın, HüseyinHigh percentages of biodiesel blends or neat biodiesel cannot be used in diesel engines due to high density and viscosity, and poor atomization properties that lead to some engine operational problems. Biodiesel was produced from canola oil by transesterification process. Test fuels were prepared by blending 80% of the biodiesel with 20% of kerosene (B80&K20) and 80% of the biodiesel with 10% of kerosene and 10% diesel fuel (B80&K10&D10). Fuels were used in a 4 cylinders diesel engine that was loaded with a generator. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the blend fuels and D2 in the diesel engine for certain loads of 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 kW output power and 1500 rpm constant engine speed were experimented and deeply analyzed. It was found that kerosene contained blends had quite similar combustion characteristics with those of D2. Mass fuel consumption and Bscf were slightly increased for blend fuels. HC emissions slightly increased while NOx emissions considerably reduced for blends. It was resulted that high percentages of biodiesel can be a potential substitute for diesel fuel provided that it is used as blending fuel with certain amounts of kerosene.Öğe Effects of ethanol addition to biodiesel fuels derived from cottonseed oil and its cooking waste as fuel in a generator diesel engine(Taylor & Francis, 2020-03) Karakaya, HakanExploration of energy sources such as renewable and non-edible vegetable oils has been continued during the recent two decades of 2000s. Cottonseed oil is a non-edible, abundant oil and is generally used as cooking oil. In the present study, the usability of biodiesel derived from both cottonseed oil and its cooking wastes was investigated by blending them with ULSD or ethanol in 50 percentages. B50, WB50, B50E50 and WB50E50, biodiesel and ethanol-contained fuels and ULSD were prepared for experiments. Combustion, performance, and emissions tests were conducted on a diesel engine used for power-producing electrical generator. In the combustion tests, cylinder pressure, HRR, CHR, MGT, and MFB were analyzed while MFC, BSFC, exhaust manifold temperature, and thermal efficiency were obtained in the performance tests. In the emissions tests, CO, HC, and NOx emissions were measured and compared with the results of ULSD. Combustion and performance findings of ULSD contained biodiesel blends were found more similar to those of ULSD. The duration of combustion stage can clearly be seen to be narrowed for ethanol-contained blend because of the rabid combustion characteristics of ethanol. Besides, the peak of HRR was found 10% higher for B50E50 while it was found averagely 8% for WB50E50 blends. NOx emissions were found 48% lower averagely for ethanol contained biodiesel blends that it is the most important finding of ethanol using with biodiesel. Besides, HC emissions were also found about 75% for biodiesel contained diesel fuel blends.Öğe Scrutinizing the combustion, performance and emissions of safflower biodiesel-kerosene fueled diesel engine used as power source for a generato(Elsevier, 2016-06-01) Aydın, HüseyinWhen neat biodiesel or its blends with diesel fuel that contain high amounts of biodiesel are used in diesel engines some operational problems such as poor injection, bad atomization and incomplete combustion occur mainly due to higher viscosity and surface tension. Engine problems with the use of biodiesel-fuel blends that contain higher percentages of biodiesel need to be solved in order to utilize the advantages of biodiesel in environmental and economical ways. The mentioned problems can also be solved by blending biodiesel with another low density or viscosity fuel such as kerosene. In present study biodiesel was produced from safflower oil. S90&K10, S75&K25 and S50&K50 were prepared by blending biodiesel with kerosene. A 4 cylinder diesel engine that was used to drive an electric generator was used to deeply investigate the similarity of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the blend fuels to D2. All experiments were carried out at constant loads of 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 kW generated powers. Patterns of combustion parameters found to be quite similar for blends and D2 fuel. NOx emissions were considerably decreased with percentages of 68.2%, 56.9% and 55.1% for S50&K50, S75&K25 and S90&K10, respectively while unburned HC emissions were a bit increased. Mass fuel consumption and BSFC were slightly increased for S75&K25 and S90&K10, but they were decreased with an average increase in BTE by 3.84% for S50&K50 fuel when compared to D2. Eventually, it was concluded that high percentages of safflower oil biodiesel can be a potential substitute for diesel fuel provided that it is used as blended with certain amounts of kerosene.Öğe Evaluation of combustion, performance and emission indicators of canola oil-kerosene blends in a power generator diesel engine(Elsevier, 2017-03-05) Aydın, Hüseyin; Işık, Mehmet Zerrakki; Bayındır, HasanDirect use of vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engines leads to some important engine operational problems that need to be solved in order to make their usability possible. Canola oil was blended with kerosene by percentages of 90% canola oil-10% kerosene (C90&K10), 75% canola oil-25% kerosene (C75&K25) and 50% canola oil-50% kerosene (C50&K50). These blend fuels were initially analyzed by means of physicochemical fuel properties and comparisons were made with standard diesel fuel. Blend fuels and standard diesel fuel (D2) were than tested in a diesel power generator with 4 cylinders in order to investigate the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the blend fuels and compare them with the petroleum based diesel fuel (D2). All experiments were carried out at specified output power values of 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 kW and 1500 rpm constants speed. The combustion characteristics of canola oil kerosene blends have found be quite similar to those of D2. Mass fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) were slightly increased for blend fuels. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and exhaust smoke opacities were considerably reduced for blends while carbon monoxides (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were a bit increased. It can be concluded that kerosene blended vegetable oils can be used as fuel with improved combustion and performance characteristics compared to those of pure vegetable oils.Öğe The effect of n-butanol additive on low load combustion, performance and emissions of biodiesel-diesel blend in a heavy duty diesel power generator(Elsevier, 2017-04) Işık, Mehmet Zerrakki; Bayındır, Hasan; İşcan, Bahattin; Aydın, HüseyinDiesel power generators are often used under partially load conditions. Especially, under low load conditions, it is crucial to find a solution for their considerably high brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and exhaust output emissions. Other points are the usability of waste cooking oil and an oxygenated alternative fuel in low load conditions of diesel generator. In this point of view, 10% n-butanol and 10% biodiesel mixture was blended with 80% of ultra low sulfur diesel fuel named here as BB20 was used and comparisons have been made with 20% biodiesel/80% diesel fuel named here as B20 and ultra low sulfur diesel fuel named here as (D2). Previously, main important physical and chemical fuel properties of test fuel have been found. These fuels were tested in low load operations of a diesel engine generator in order to find out the effects of blend fuels on combustion characteristics, performance and emissions of the test engine. The test results are presented in this paper and seem to raise quite interesting points. Butanol addition to diesel and biodiesel blends can be considered as a good solution for reducing density, viscosity and thus sustainable usability of biodiesel and increase thermal efficiency and lower carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) under comparatively lower load conditions in diesel power generator engines.Öğe Jeneratör tahrikinde kullanılan ağır hizmet bir dizel motorda oktanolün dizel veya biyodizel kullanımına etkilerinin deneysel olarak araştırılması(Batman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019-08-20) Akyüz, Selim; Aydın, HüseyinBu çalışmada, ülkemizde üretim imkânı fazlaca olan aspir yağından üretilen biyodizelin alternatif yakıt olarak oktanol katkısı ile birlikte bir dizel motor dayanma, performans ve egzoz emisyonları parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, literatürdeki bilgilerden de faydalanılarak, transesterifikasyon yöntemiyle aspir yağından biyodizel üretilmiştir. Aspir, hem oktanol (OC100) hemde dizel ile karışım oluşturularak (OB50, OD50, B100, ULSD) motorda test edilmiştir. Test yakıtları karşılaştırmalı deneyleri için testle motor devri 1500 d/dk'da sabit tutularak, motor yükü %20 yüke denk gelen 3,6 kw, %40 yüke denk gelen 7,2 kw, %60 yüke denk gelen 10,8 kw yüklerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar aynı deney koşulları için saf biyodizel (B100) olan saf aspir ve saf oktanol (OC100) için tutuşma gecikmesi sürelerinin daha uzun olduğu görülmektedir. Oktanol-biyodizel (OB50) ve Oktanol-dizel (OD50) karışımları için tutuşma gecikmesi süreleri dizel yakıtına benzer olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Oktanol kullanıldığında yanma saf biyodizele göre iyileşmekte olup, özgül yakıt tüketiminde de iyileşmeler görülebilmektedir. En düşük HC değerleri yüksek alev hızları nedeni ile sönme bölgesinin daralması dolayısıyla oktanol içeren yakıtlar olan OB50 yakıtında ve OC100 ile OD50 yakıtı karışımında elde edilmiştir.Öğe AVR sisteminin PID kontrolör parametrelerinin RSA algoritması kullanılarak optimizasyonu(Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2023-08-24) Bavli, Abdurrahim; Sevim, DavutBu tez çalışmasında, jeneratörlerde çıkış gerilimlerinin istenilen AVR sisteminin kontrolörsüz modeli incelenmiştir. Sonra durum uzay denklemi çıkarılmıştır. Buradan sisteme PID kontrolörü eklenerek modelleme yapılmıştır. Daha sonra kontrolörlü modelin sonuçları grafiksel olarak gösterilmiştir. En son aşamada ise Sürüngen Arama Algoritması (RSA) açıklanarak PID kontrolör parametrelerinin optimizasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Sonuçlar grafiklerle desteklenmiştir.
