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Öğe AL/SiC Kompozit malzemenin delinmesinde yüzey pürüzlülüğünün bulanık mantıkla modellenmesi(Dicle Üniversitesi, 2016) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Yenigün, Burak; Kılıçkap, ErolBu çalışmada, sıkıştırma döküm yöntemiyle üretilmiş SiC takviyeli Al esaslı kompozit kullanılmıştır. Üretilen kompozit malzeme farklı uç açılarına sahip HSS takımlar kullanılarak; farklı delme parametrelerinde delme işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Her bir delme işlemi için delme yüzeylerinin yüzey pürüzlülükleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler bulanık mantığa uygulanarak yüzey pürüzlülüğünün modellenmesi yapılmıştır. Veriler incelendiğinde, en iyi yüzey pürüzlülüğü 90˚ uç açısına sahip takım kullanılarak 1500 dev/dak dönme devri ile 0.05 mm/dev ilerleme değerinde elde edilmiştir. En kötü yüzey pürüzlülüğü ise 118˚ uç açılı takımın 2000 dev/dak dönme devri ile 0.15 mm/dev ilerleme değerinde elde edilmiştir. Bulanık mantık kullanılarak elde edilen tahmini değerlerin deney sonuçlarına yakın değerler verdiği görülmüştürÖğe ASTM B348 titanyum alaşımının farklı takımlarla tornalanmasında takım aşınmasının incelenmesi(Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, 2017) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Yenigün, BurakMetallerin şekillendirilmesinde iş parçasının nihai boyut ve geometride üretilmesi, kesici takımın aşınmasından önemli ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Kesici takımın hızlı aşınması, iş parçalarının arzu edilen toleranslarda üretilmemesine neden olmaktadır. Bu durum malzeme kaybı, işçilik ve enerji tüketim maliyetinin artması gibi problemlere neden olmaktadır. Endüstride yaygın olarak kullanılan titanyum ve alaşımlarının üstün mekanik özelliklerinden dolayı talaşlı imalatında, hızlı kesici takım aşınmasıyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yüksek mukavemet, yüksek sıcaklıkta metalografik kararlılığı gibi özelliklere sahip Ti-6Al-4V alaşımı CVD ve PVD kaplı tungsten karbür (WC) kesici takımlarla tornalama işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Deneyler, sabit kesme hızı (20 m/dak), talaş derinliği (1mm) ve ilerleme değerlerinde (0,022 mm/dev) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kesme zamanına bağlı takım aşınması incelenmiştir. Her iki kesici takımda ilk 15 sn’de hızlı bir takım aşınması gözlemlenmiştir. Yaklaşık olarak 15 sn ile 250 sn arasında bu artış daha düşük olmuştur. 250 sn’den sonra takım aşınması aşırı hızlanmıştır. PVD kaplı WC takımlara göre CVD kaplı WC takımlarda 250 sn’ye kadar daha fazla takım aşınması meydana gelmişken 250 sn’den sonra PVD kaplı WC takımın aşınması daha hızlı olmuşturÖğe Cam elyaf takviyeli plastik kompozitlerin frezelenmesinde kesme parametrelerinin yüzey pürüzlülüğüne etkisinin incelenmesi(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2012) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, ErolKompozit malzemelerin frezelenmesi yapılarının homojen olmamalarından, takviye elemanlarının aşındırıcı olmasından ve işlenmiş yüzeyde hasar oluşumundan dolayı oldukça komplekstir. Bu problemleri azaltmak amacıyla, bu çalışmada kesme parametreleri (kesme hızı ve ilerleme) ve takım malzemesinin cam elyaf takviyeli plastik (CETP) kompozit malzemenin frezelenmesinde oluşan yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneyler, kesme sıvısı kullanılmadan 31.4, 62.8 ve 94.2 m/dak kesme hızlarında, 0.05, 0.10 ve 0.15 mm/dev ilerleme değerlerinde ve HSS, TiN kaplı HSS ve Sementit karbür (SK) kesici takımlar kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. En iyi yüzey kalitesi; yüksek kesme hızlarında, düşük ilerleme değerlerinde ve SK takım kullanılarak elde edildi.Öğe Cam ve karbon elyaf takviyeli kompozitlerde elyaf cinsinin, yükün, kayma hızı ve mesafesinin abrasiv aşınmaya etkisi(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2019-12-01) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Demir, Mehmet Emin; Kılıçkap, ErolGünümüzde, cam ve karbon elyaf takviyeli kompozitler birçok mühendislik alanında geniş bir uygulama alanına sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, cam ve karbon elyaf takviyeli kompozit çubukların kuru kayma koşullarındaki abrasiv aşınmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pin on disk cihazında gerçekleştirilen deneylerde elyaf türünün, uygulanan yükün(5, 10 ve 15 N): kayma hızının(0,4; 0,6 ve 0,8 m/s) ve kayma mesafesinin(250, 500 ve 750 m) kompozitlerin tribolojik davranışlarına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde cam elyaf takviyeli kompozitlerdeki sürtünme katsayısının karbon elyaf takviyeli kompozitlerdeki sürtünme katsayısından daha düşük çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Aşınmaya bağlı kütle kayıplarında, bütün koşullar için cam elyafta kütle kaybının daha az olduğu görülmüştür. Artan yük, kayma hızı ve mesafesinin kütle kaybını arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Karbon ve cam elyaf takviyeli kompozitlerde en yüksek kütle kayıpları, 15 N yük, 0.8 m/s kayma hızı ve 750 m kayma mesafesinin uygulandığı durumlarda gerçekleşmiştir.Öğe Characterization of hazelnut, pistachio, and apricot Kernel Shell particles and analysis of their composite properties(Taylor & Francis, 2021-05) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Topkaya, Tolga; Kılıçkap, Erol; Başaran, Eyüp; Yalçın, RojinIn this study, hazelnut, pistachio, and apricot kernel shells were ground size of 0–300 µm, 300–600 µm, and 600–850 µm. The cellulose, ash, humidity, and metal contents of these powder particles were chemically analyzed and structural properties were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) analysis. Their composites were fabricated by adding 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of these powder particles to the polyester matrix material. The effect of chemical and structural properties of the powder particles on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites was analyzed. The XRD analysis revealed that cellulose structure observed in powder particles. The peaks observed in their surface functional structures with FT-IR were mainly caused by cellulose and hemicellulose structures. These structures effected humidity and ash ratios. Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen elements were seen in the structure. In addition, heavy metals such as Sn, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Si were found. Powder particles added to the polyester material adversely affected the tensile strength of the matrix material. However, powder particles added to the matrix material at low rates had a positive effect on bending and compressive strength.Öğe The effect of drilling parametrers on stregth of glass fibre-epoxy laminates by produced hand lay-up(e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 2017-10-22) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Yenigün, BurakIn this study, the effects of delamination factor on strength of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite with +45/-45 orientation angle fabrics were investigated. GFRP composite specimens, which contain 36% fiber volume, were produced by hand lay-up. The all specimens were prepared according to ASTM D5766-2002 standards. The experiments were conducted the different drilling parameters such as cutting speeds and feed rates using tungsten carbide (WC) and Brad Spur drill tools. Delamination factors of drilled specimens were determined by optical microscope. The tensile strength values of the drilled GFRP composite specimens were determined by universal tensile testing machine. As results, it was determined that the increasing cutting speed and feed rate increased the delamination factor. The strength of GFRP composites decreased with increasing delamination factor.Öğe Effect of matrix material and orientation angle on tensile and tribological behavior of jute reinforced composites(De Gruyter, 2019-07-27) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Demir, Mehmet Emin; Kılıçkap, ErolEnvironmental friendly natural fibers have been used instead of petroleum-based synthetic fibers as reinforcements because of the depletion of oil resources, plastic waste disposal problems and the emissions generated during combustion. In these natural fibers, thermoplastic or thermoset materials are used as matrix material because of their low cost, light weight and durability. In this study, the effects of ply number (2 and 3 layer) and orientation angle of reinforcement (0/90° and ± 45°) and matrix type (thermoset and thermoplastic) on the tensile strength of jute reinforced composites were investigated. Also, the effect of the reinforcement orientation angle, sliding time (600, 1200 and 1800 s) and applied load (5, 10 and 15 N) on tribological characteristics were determined. Adhesive and abrasion wear tests were carried out at 0.15 m × s−1 sliding speed. It was observed that the matrix material and the reinforcement are very important in tensile and wear tests, while the ply number and the orientation angle only exert an influence in the tensile strength of composites. It was determined that an increase in load and sliding time is the most effective parameter on wear experiments.Öğe Effect of temperature, force, and vibration on fatigue strength of friction stir-welded AA7075 aluminum alloy joints(SpringerLink, 2021-01-04) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Çetkin, EdipIn this study, the AA7075 alloy pairs were welded by friction stir welding method by using conical- and triangular-type stirrer pins. Welding forces and moments, vibration, and temperature values have been measured during the jointing depending on the welding parameters. Finally, microstructures were examined and mechanical tests were carried out. Results obtained from the experiments revealed that at low spindle speed and welding feed rates, the temperatures formed on the surface of the alloy pair were high, the vibrations were low, and the welding force and moments were partially high. When the microstructures of the welded areas are examined, it was determined that the conical mixing pin has a better microstructure than the triangular mixing pin. In addition, it was determined that the mechanical properties of welded joints having a good microstructure were quite good. As a result, it was observed that forces during welding, temperature of welding, and vibration values have an effect on microstructure and mechanical properties.Öğe Effects of cutting parameters and point angle on thrust force and delamination in drilling of CFRP(De Gruyter, 2014-11-14) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Yardımeden, AhmetParts made of composite materials are generally produced by near-net-shape technology. However, additional machining operations such as drilling are often required to facilitate components assembling. Drilling of composite materials is also a common process in the assembly of aerospace and automotive composite structures. During drilling, unlike the conventional materials, a few damage forms may take place. Among these damage forms, the delamination is the most important one. Therefore, the experimental studies carried out on drilling of CFRP composite materials for determining optimum processing parameters are of great importance. In this particular study, delamination in CFRP composites caused by drilling was investigated. The composite material was drilled under various spindle speeds, feed rates and drill point angles. The results showed that delamination and thrust forces were affected by cutting parameters. It was demonstrated that feed rate and drill point angle make the largest contribution to the overall performance.Öğe Effects of natural hard shell particles on physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of composites(SAGE Journals, 2021-05-31) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Çelik, Kadir Serdar; Kılıçkap, ErolShelled herbal foods are widely consumed. The evaluation of the shells of these foods is important due to their features such as low cost, ease of recycling and environmental friendliness. In this study, hazelnut shell (HS), pistachio shell (PS), and apricot kernel shell (AKS) were brought to powder particles by grinding to dimensions of 300–425 µm. Some of the powder particles were converted into ash at 900°C. The amounts of cellulose, ash, humidity, and metal in these particles via chemical analyses were determined, while their structural properties via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. Composite materials were produced by adding 15 wt.% to the polyester matrix material from these powder particles and ashes. Compression strength, hardness, specific weight, and thermal conductivity of these composites were analyzed. The lowest and highest humidity, ash, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin ratios in powders showed differences depending on the type of powders. The amount of Sn and K in the HS, PS, and AKS powders were close to each other, while the amount of Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Si was higher in AKS powder. The reinforcement adding to the polyester increased the compression strength, hardness, specific weight and thermal conductivity properties.Öğe Elyaf takviyeli kompozitlerde elyaf yönlendirme açısının çekme ve eğilme dayanımına etkisi(Batman Üniversitesi, 2018) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Yenigün, BurakÖğe Estimate of cutting forces and surface roughness in end milling of glass fiber reinforced plastic composites using fuzzy logic system(Walter de Gruyter, 2014-06-01) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Yardımeden, AhmetMilling glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite materials are problematic, owing to, e.g., nonhomogeneous and anisotropic properties and effects of plastic deformation. To reduce these problems, the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, and the number of flutes on surface roughness and of thrust forces occurring during the milling of GFRP composite materials were investigated by both experimental and fuzzy logic models. Experiments were performed at 30 m/min, 60 m/min, and 90 m/min cutting speeds, at 0.1 mm/rev, 0.15 mm/rev, and 0.2 mm/rev feed rates and 10 mm diameters in a cemented carbide end mill, which has two, three, and four flutes without cutting fluids. The values obtained from experiments were defined by a fuzzy logic model. A fuzzy logic model was employed to estimate the surface roughness and thrust forces for different cutting parameters. As a result of both the experimental study and the fuzzy logic model, while the minimum thrust force was obtained at low cutting speeds, and feed rates and a high number of flutes end mill, the best surface quality was obtained at low feed rates, high cutting speed, and number of flutes end mill.Öğe Evaluation of drilling performances of nanocomposites reinforced with graphene and graphene oxide(Springer Nature, 2018-09-16) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Koçyiğit, NihayetThe use of graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) reinforced nanocomposites have a great importance since G and GO improve the interface conditions of composite materials. However, the effects of G and GO on some mechanical properties and machinability in nanocomposites are still a research topic. In this study, G was converted to GO by Hummers’ method. G and GO nanoparticles were added to epoxy at different ratios and the tensile strengths of nanocomposites were determined. By taking into account, the reinforcement ratio of nanocomposites having the highest tensile strength, epoxy with G and GO, and unreinforced epoxy were added to carbon fiber (CF) fabric by hand lay-up. Thus, fabrication of the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite, and the G/CFRP and GO/CFRP nanocomposites was carried out. The effects of the G and GO on the fabricated nanocomposites, and the effect of different drilling parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) on the cutting force, cutting torque, temperature, and delamination factor were investigated. In the drilling of these composites, drills with the different bit point angles and the diameter of 5 mm were used. As a result, it was observed that GO was successfully synthesized, and G and GO positively affected the tensile strength, and GO exhibited a more effective feature than G on the tensile strength. It was also seen that the increase of the cutting speed, feed rate, bit point angle caused the increase in the cutting forces, cutting torque, and delaminations.Öğe Evaluation of drilling performances of nanocomposites reinforced with graphene and graphene oxide(Springer Nature, 2019-02-25) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Koçyiğit, NihayetThe use of graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) reinforced nanocomposites have a great importance since G and GO improve the interface conditions of composite materials. However, the effects of G and GO on some mechanical properties and machinability in nanocomposites are still a research topic. In this study, G was converted to GO by Hummers’ method. G and GO nanoparticles were added to epoxy at different ratios and the tensile strengths of nanocomposites were determined. By taking into account, the reinforcement ratio of nanocomposites having the highest tensile strength, epoxy with G and GO, and unreinforced epoxy were added to carbon fiber (CF) fabric by hand lay-up. Thus, fabrication of the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite, and the G/CFRP and GO/CFRP nanocomposites was carried out. The effects of the G and GO on the fabricated nanocomposites, and the effect of different drilling parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) on the cutting force, cutting torque, temperature, and delamination factor were investigated. In the drilling of these composites, drills with the different bit point angles and the diameter of 5 mm were used. As a result, it was observed that GO was successfully synthesized, and G and GO positively affected the tensile strength, and GO exhibited a more effective feature than G on the tensile strength. It was also seen that the increase of the cutting speed, feed rate, bit point angle caused the increase in the cutting forces, cutting torque, and delaminations.Öğe An experimental study on milling of natural fiber (jute)- reinforced polymer composites(SAGE, 2019-01-31) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Kılıçkap, Ali İmranThe interest in materials having natural, environmentally friendly, renewable and low density/cost is increasing day by day due to sanctions imposed to reduce the emission rates, especially the Kyoto Protocol. In recent years, the use of environmentally friendly composites by using natural fibers such as flax, jute and sisal has increased in engineering applications. Milling operation has frequently been an important method of machining which can achieve the desired dimensions and tolerances for the plate-shaped parts. In this study, the effects of cutting parameters such as cutting speed and feed rate on cutting force, delamination factor and surface roughness in end milling of jute fiber-reinforced polymer composite plates with different orientation angle (0°/90°, 30°/−60° and ±45°) were examined by using the cemented carbide (WC) end mills (two, three and four number of flutes). Cutting force, deformation factor and surface roughness were found to be influenced by the feed rate and cutting speeds. In addition, increasing the number of the flutes of the cutting tools reduced the cutting force, delamination factor and surface roughness.Öğe Fıstık kabuğu takviyeli kompozitlerin aşınma davranışlarının incelenmesi(Fırat Akademi A.Ş, 2017) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Yenigün, Burakİlerleyen teknoloji ile beraber geleneksel malzemeler yetersiz kalmakta ve bu malzemelerin yerine kompozit malzemeler kullanılmaktadır. Kompozit malzemelerin geleneksel malzemelere göre birçok avantajı bulunmaktadır. İstenilen fiziksel özelliklere göre kombine edilebilmesi önemli avantajlarındandır. Kompozitlerde takviye elemanı olarak genellikle cam, karbon, aramid, grafen gibi malzemeler kullanılır. Ancak bu malzemelerin üretim maliyetlerinin yüksek olması, geri dönüşüm işlemlerinin zorlu proseslerden oluşması ve doğada kaybolma sürelerinin uzun olması kenaf, jut, bambu, fıstık ve ceviz kabuğu gibi doğal takviye elemanlarının kullanımını arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı oranlarda fıstık kabuğu tozu takviyeli polimer matrisli kompozitler üretilmiştir. Üretilen bu kompozitlerin sertlik değerleri, basma dayanımları ve aşınma davranışları incelenmiştir. Aşınma deneyleri farklı yük ve kayma mesafelerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda, takviye oranının artması ile beraber sertlik değerinin, basma dayanımının ve ağırlık kaybına bağlı aşınma direncinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca uygulanan yük ve kayma mesafesinin artmasıyla kompozitteki ağırlık kaybının arttığı görülmüştür.Öğe G10 Epgc 201 kompozit malzemenin delinmesinde oluşan deformasyona etki eden parametrelerin araştırılması(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2012) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, ErolÖğe Hardness and wear behaviours of al matrix composites and hybrid composites reinforced with B 4 C and SiC(Springer Nature, 2019-01-15) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, ErolThe conversion into the desired shape of the metal powders using Powder Metallurgy (PM) method enables economically mass productions. This case allows producing parts with complex and high dimensional accuracy with no machining. In this study the composites and hybrid composites with Al matrix were produced using PM method with different ratios B4C and SiC. Microhardness and wear experiments of the produced composites were investigated. Wear experiments were performed at a constant speed of 0.5 m/s, application loads of 5, 10 and 15 N and sliding distances of 250, 500, and 750 m. Then, SEM images of composites and hybrid composites were captured. The increase of the reinforcement ratio in the composites contributed to the increase of the hardness. The highest hardness value was computed as 58.7 HV from 16% B4C reinforced composite. In addition, the increase in the reinforcement ratio contributed to the increase of the wear resistance. The increase in the load and sliding distance also increased the wear. The minimum weight loss was calculated as 18 mg from 5 N load, 250 m sliding distance and 16% SiC reinforced composite.Öğe Investigation of cutting parameters affecting on tool wear and surface roughness in dry turning of Ti-6Al-4V using CVD and PVD coated tools(Springer Nature, 2017-06-01) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Güney, MusaThere are some problems in the machining of titanium alloys with excellent properties such as high strength, good corrosion resistance, long service life and low weight. The leading problem appears to be the fast tool wear and the bad machining surface. Therefore, in this study, it was investigated whether cutting parameters have effect on tool wear and surface roughness by turning under dry cutting condition of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with excellent properties. CVD (TiCN + Al2O3 + TiN) and PVD (TiAlN) coated WC tools were used in the experiments. Then the Ti-6Al-4V alloy turned with the combinations of the different cutting speed, feed rate, cutting long and depth of cut. We observed that the tools wear in both CVD and PVD coated WC tools increased with increasing the cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and cutting length. However, while tools wear increased with increasing cutting speed, the surface roughness reduced to an optimum level. Especially, the surface roughness was worsened above the optimum level changing with increasing the feed rate, cutting length and depth of cut. The tool wear with PVD coated WC tools was observed to be less than the CVD coated WC tools. However, the values of the surface roughness obtained with PVD coated WC tools with increase in depth of cut, feed rate and cutting length has given us higher values when compared to CVD coated WC tools.Öğe Investigation of experimental study of end milling of CFRP composite(De Gruyter, 2013-12-12) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Yardımeden, AhmetCarbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are materials that are difficult to machine due to the anisotropic and heterogeneous properties of the material and poor surface quality, which can be seen during the machining process. The machining of these materials causes delamination and surface roughness owing to excessive cutting forces. This causes the material not to be used. The reduction of damage and surface roughness is an important aspect for product quality. Therefore, the experimental study carried out on milling of CFRP composite material is of great importance. End milling tests were performed at CNC milling vertical machining center. In the experiments, parameters considered for the end milling of CFRP were cutting speed, feed rate, and flute number of end mill. The results showed that damage, surface roughness, and cutting forces were affected by cutting parameters and flute number of end mill. The best machining conditions were achieved at low feed rate and four-flute end mill.
