Yerel karacadağ çeltiğinin (oryza sativa l.) in vitro koşullarda farklı tuz çeşidi ve konsantrasyonlarına verdiği yanıtlar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Batman Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yetiştirilen ve yöre halkı tarafından yaygın olarak tercih edilen Karacadağ yerel çeltik çeşidinde (Siverek populasyonu) farklı tuz çeşidi (NaCI, CaCI2, MgCI2) ve konsantrasyonları (25, 50, 75, 150, 300 mM) uygulanarak oluşturulan stres koşullarında meydana gelen fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal değişimler, in vitro kültür ortamında incelendi. Çalışmada tuz denemelerine başlamadan önce optimum in vitro yetiştirme koşullarını belirlemek amacıyla, çeltik tohumları %5'lik sodyum hipokloritin (NaOCI) farklı sürelerinde (10-15-20-25-30-35-40-45-50 dk) ayrı ayrı bekletilerek optimum yüzey sterilizasyon metodu ve sonrasında ise Murashige&Skoog (Murashige ve Skoog, 1962) besi ortamının farklı kuvvetlerinin (MS- 1/1, 1/2, 1/4 ) etkisi araştırıldı. Tohumların kültüre alınmasından 3 hafta sonra, uygulanan parametreler arasından %5'lik NaOCl'de 60 dk bekletme işleminin sterilizasyon için optimum süre olduğu belirlendi. MS besi ortamının çimlenmeye etkisi incelendiğinde, genel olarak tohumlarda çimlenme yüzdesi bakımından çok büyük farklılıklar görülmezken en yüksek çimlenme yüzdesi (%95) 1/4 MS besi ortamında kültüre alınan tohumlardan elde edildi. Karacadağ çeltik çeşidinde tuz stresinin etkisi çimlenme ve fide gelişimi evresinde ayrı ayrı araştırıldı. Bu amaçla tohumlar, NaCI, CaCI2 ve MgCI2'ün 5 farklı konsantrasyonunu (25, 50, 75, 150, 300 mM) içeren 1/4 MS besi ortamında kültüre alındı. Test edilen her 3 tuz çeşidinde de (NaCI, CaCI2, MgCI2) düşük konsantrasyonlarda çimlenme yüzdesinin etkilenmediği ancak, konsantrasyon arttıkça çimlenme yüzdesinin önemli oranda düştüğü belirlendi. Bununla birlikte 300 mM MgCl2 ve CaCl2 de tohumların çimlenmediği ve çimlenmeyi en çok etkileyen tuz çeşidinin MgCl2 olduğu tespit edildi. Fide gelişimi evresinde tuz stresinin etkilerini incelemek amacıyla, bir haftalık in vitro ortamda elde edilen fideler, NaCI, CaCI2, MgCI2'ün farklı konsantrasyonlarında (25, 50, 75, 150, 300 mM) MS besi ortamında kültüre alındı. Kültürün 3. haftasından sonra, Karacadağ çeltik çeşidinin tuz stresine verdiği yanıtlar, sürgün boyu, kök uzunluğu, yeşil aksam / kök yaş-kuru ağırlığı, yeşil aksam / kök nispi su içeriği (RWC), fotosentetik pigment içeriği ve lipid peroksidasyonu derecesi gibi bazı fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal analizler yapılarak incelendi. Farklı çeşit ve düzeylerde tuz stres faktörüne maruz bırakılan in vitro fideler için yapılan analiz değerlerinde, tüm tuz çeşitlerinde konsantrasyon arttıkça sürgün boyu, kök uzunluğu, yeşil aksam/kök yaş- kuru ağırlıklarında ve yeşil aksam/kök nispi su içeriğinde azalmalar meydana geldiği tespit edildi. Bitkilerin genel morfolojik gelişimleri değerlendirildiğinde ise yüksek konsantrasyonlarda (150 mM) bitki gelişiminin oldukça zayıf kaldığı, 300 mM konsantrasyonda ise bitkilerin gelişmediği belirlendi. Stres sonrasında, tuzluluğun bitkilerin fotosentetik pigment içeriklerini (klorofil a, klorofil b, total klorofil ve karotenoid) çoğunlukla olumsuz etkilediği ve tuz çeşidinden ziyade tuz konsantrasyonuna göre değerler arasında farklılık olduğu tespit edildi. Tuz çeşitleri arasından sadece NaCl'nin, fotosentetik pigment içeriği üzerinde daha az olumsuz etkisi olduğu belirlendi. Lipid peroksidasyonun son ürünü olan MDA içeriği, bitkide hücre zarının yıkımı sonucu oluşan önemli bir stres parametresidir. Yaptığımız çalışmada genel olarak tüm tuz çeşitlerinde konsantrasyon arttıkça MDA içeriğinin de doğru orantılı olarak arttığı belirlendi. Uygulanan tuz çeşitleri karşılaştırıldığında, MDA içeriğinin, CaCl2'de diğer iki tuz çeşidine (NaCl, MgCl2) oranla daha yüksek değerlere çıktığı ve en büyük hücre zarı hasarının en yüksek MDA içeriği (4.1820 µmol/g) ile CaCl2'nin 75 mM uygulamasında meydana geldiği belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, in vitro ortamda test edilen tuz çeşitlerinin (NaCl, CaCl2 ve MgCl2), özellikle yüksek konsantrasyonlarda, Karacadağ yerel çeltik çeşidinin hem çimlenme hem de fide gelişimi evresinde büyüme ve gelişmesini olumsuz etkilendiği tespit edildi.
In this study, the physiology and biochemical changes were investigated in in vitro culture medium which arose in the stres conditions by applying different salt type and salt concentration in Karacadag's traditional type of rice (Siverek population) which is produced in the Southeastern Anatolia region and commenly prefered by local community. The optimum surface sterilization medium and the power of Murashige&Skoog culture medium were investigated in order to determine optimum in vitro growing condition after rice seeds were waited in the sodium hypochlorite (%5) at different times (10-15-20-25-30-35-40-45-50-55-60 minutes) before conducting the salinity tests Following 3 weeks after the culture peroid optimum sterilization time was determined to be 60 minutes in the sodium hypochlorite (%5) among the tested parameters. When the germination affects of MS culture medium were investigated, there was only slight differences in terms of germination percentage, on the other hand, the highest germination percentage was obtained from seeds which were cultured in 1/4 MS culture medium (%95). The affect of the salinity stres to Karacadag rice was examined differents seperately in the phases of germination and seedling. Hence, the rice seeds were taken to the 1/4 MS medium including 5 different concentrations (25, 50, 75, 150, 300 mM) of NaCI, CaCI2, MgCI2. In the 3 types of salt that were tested, it was found out that germination percentage is not affected from low concentrations however, germination percentage dramatically decrease in the high concentrations. Besides, there was no germination in the 300 mM MgCl2 and CaCl2 salt concentration and the MgCl2 is salt type affects germination most. At the seedling growing phase, the seedlings that were obtained from 1 week culture periodwas at the different concentrations of NaCI, CaCI2, MgCI2 to investigate the salt stres effects. After three-week culture period, responses to the salt stress of Karacadag rice were analyzed in terms of some physiological and biochemical analysis such as plant and root length, shoot and root wet/dry weight, %RWC of shoot and root, content of photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation degree. When the analysis values of in vitro seedlings which are exposed to different type and concentration of salt stress, plant and root length, green components and root wet/dry weight, %RWC of shoot and root were observed to decreased at all of salt types as long as salt concentration increases. When the general morphological growing of plants were evaluated, the plant growth was very poor at high concentrations (150 mM), and the plants did not grow at 300 mM concentration. After stres exposure, the salt mostly adversely affected the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyllandcarotenoid) contents of plants, besides there were differences among values according to salt concentrations rather than in salt type. Among the salt varieties only NaCI was found to have a less adverse effecton photosynthetic pigment contents. MDA is an important stres parameter which is the last product of lipid peroxidation and is formed as e result of the cell membrane destruction in plants. In our study, thecontent of MDA generally increased as long as salt concentration in all salt type increased proportionally. When applied salt types were compared, MDA content was determined to have a higher ratio in CaCl2 than another salt type (NaCl, MgCl2) and the most membrane injury was determined in 75 mM CaCl2 with the highest MDA content (4.1820 µmol/g). In conclusion, traditional rice Karacadag's growth and development were affected adversely both in the germination and seedling phases which were tested in in vitro medium especially in high concentration salt types (NaCl, CaCl2 ve MgCl2).
In this study, the physiology and biochemical changes were investigated in in vitro culture medium which arose in the stres conditions by applying different salt type and salt concentration in Karacadag's traditional type of rice (Siverek population) which is produced in the Southeastern Anatolia region and commenly prefered by local community. The optimum surface sterilization medium and the power of Murashige&Skoog culture medium were investigated in order to determine optimum in vitro growing condition after rice seeds were waited in the sodium hypochlorite (%5) at different times (10-15-20-25-30-35-40-45-50-55-60 minutes) before conducting the salinity tests Following 3 weeks after the culture peroid optimum sterilization time was determined to be 60 minutes in the sodium hypochlorite (%5) among the tested parameters. When the germination affects of MS culture medium were investigated, there was only slight differences in terms of germination percentage, on the other hand, the highest germination percentage was obtained from seeds which were cultured in 1/4 MS culture medium (%95). The affect of the salinity stres to Karacadag rice was examined differents seperately in the phases of germination and seedling. Hence, the rice seeds were taken to the 1/4 MS medium including 5 different concentrations (25, 50, 75, 150, 300 mM) of NaCI, CaCI2, MgCI2. In the 3 types of salt that were tested, it was found out that germination percentage is not affected from low concentrations however, germination percentage dramatically decrease in the high concentrations. Besides, there was no germination in the 300 mM MgCl2 and CaCl2 salt concentration and the MgCl2 is salt type affects germination most. At the seedling growing phase, the seedlings that were obtained from 1 week culture periodwas at the different concentrations of NaCI, CaCI2, MgCI2 to investigate the salt stres effects. After three-week culture period, responses to the salt stress of Karacadag rice were analyzed in terms of some physiological and biochemical analysis such as plant and root length, shoot and root wet/dry weight, %RWC of shoot and root, content of photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation degree. When the analysis values of in vitro seedlings which are exposed to different type and concentration of salt stress, plant and root length, green components and root wet/dry weight, %RWC of shoot and root were observed to decreased at all of salt types as long as salt concentration increases. When the general morphological growing of plants were evaluated, the plant growth was very poor at high concentrations (150 mM), and the plants did not grow at 300 mM concentration. After stres exposure, the salt mostly adversely affected the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyllandcarotenoid) contents of plants, besides there were differences among values according to salt concentrations rather than in salt type. Among the salt varieties only NaCI was found to have a less adverse effecton photosynthetic pigment contents. MDA is an important stres parameter which is the last product of lipid peroxidation and is formed as e result of the cell membrane destruction in plants. In our study, thecontent of MDA generally increased as long as salt concentration in all salt type increased proportionally. When applied salt types were compared, MDA content was determined to have a higher ratio in CaCl2 than another salt type (NaCl, MgCl2) and the most membrane injury was determined in 75 mM CaCl2 with the highest MDA content (4.1820 µmol/g). In conclusion, traditional rice Karacadag's growth and development were affected adversely both in the germination and seedling phases which were tested in in vitro medium especially in high concentration salt types (NaCl, CaCl2 ve MgCl2).
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çeltik, in Vitro, Karacadağ, Lipid Peroksidasyonu, Stres, Tuz, Karacadag, Lipid Peroxidation, Rice, Salt, Stress
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Orcan, M. Y. (2017). Yerel karacadağ çeltiğinin (oryza sativa l.) in vitro koşullarda farklı tuz çeşidi ve konsantrasyonlarına verdiği yanıtlar(Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Batman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Batman.
