Maryânâ Marrâş'ın modern Arap edebiyatındaki yeri ve önemi
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Tarih
2023-12-26
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Maryânâ Marrâş, modern dönemde Arap reformistlerinin öncülerindendir. Özellikle yaşadığı 1848/1919 tarihleri de ortak mirasımız Osmanlı Devleti açısından önemli olayların olduğu zamana denk gelmektedir. Maryânâ, Avrupa seyahatinde gördüğü edebiyat salonlarından etkilenip sonrasında Halep’e döndüğünde evinde bir edebiyat salonu kurararak, ortadoğuda edebi salon geleneğini yeniden canlandırmıştır. Böylece klasik dönemde var olan fakat zamanla kaybolan bir geleneği yeniden ortaya çıkarmıştır. Toplumun kültür, eğitim, bilim ve sanat alanlarında gelişmesini istemiştir. Gazete ve dergilerde yazılar yazan Maryânâ‘nın yaptığı çalışmalarla Arap Edebiyatına olan katkısı önemlidir. Maryânâ’nın bir gazetede yazı yazan ilk Arap kadın olması onu özel kılmaktadır. Maryânâ’nın aile bireyleri de Halep aydınlanma hareketine katkıda bulunan kişilerdir. Babası yaptığı bir çalışmayla mezhep kavgalarını yatıştırmaya çalışmış, ağabeyi Fransîs Marrâş ise yazdığı yazılarla aydınlanma hareketlerine destek olmuştur. Yaşadığı dönemde birçok kadının sahip olamadığı eğitim imkanına sahip olan Maryânâ, kaleme aldığı eserlerle kadınların haklarını savunmuş ve onların eğitim almaları gerektiğini söylemiştir. Batı kültürünü tanıması onun hayatını şekillendirmesi noktasında önemlidir. Maryânâ’nın Bint Fikr adıyla Beyrut‘ta basılan, şiirlerinden oluşan bir divanı vardır. Şiirlerinde bazı devlet adamlarını öven Maryânâ’nın, Sultan II. Abdulhamit’e yazdığı şiir divanının basılma iznini kolaylaştırmıştır. Mersiye tarzındaki şiirlerinde Cahiliye şairi Hansâ’dan etkilendiğini görmekteyiz. En önemli mersiyesi kardeşi Fransîs Marrâş için yazdığı ve türünün başyapıtlarından kabul edilen mersiyedir. Maryânâ Marrâş, zamanının diğer Halep kadınları gibi, İbnu’l-Farid’in (ö.1181) ve gazel şairi Ömer b. Ebû Rebîa’nın (ö. 711-712) şiirlerini de ezberlemiş ve onlardan etkilenmiştir. Ayrıca Fransız romantik şiirine ilgisi vardır. Maryânâ’nın eserlerinde daha çok didaktik ve lirik bir üslûp görmekteyiz. Çalışmalarının ana temasını ise kadınlara yönelik çağrıları oluşturmaktadır. Kendi döneminde gördüğü yanlışları eleştiren Maryânâ’nın fikirleri Halep şehrinin sınırlarını aşıp, diğer Arap şehirlerinde yayılmıştır. Maryânâ Marrâş, Hristiyan kökenli bir aileden geldiği ve kendisi de Hristiyan olduğu için çalışmamızın genelinde üzerinde durduğumuz hususlar daha çok o dönemde halkının büyük çoğunluğu müslüman olan Halep’teki Hristiyan azınlıkla alakalıdır.
Maryânâ Marrâş, is one of the pioneers of Arab reformists in the modern period. Especially, in particular, the years 1848/1919, when she lived, ıt coincided with essential events for our common heritage, the Ottoman Empire. Maryâna was influenced by the literary salons she saw during her travels in Europe, and when she returned to Aleppo, she established a literary salon in her home and revived the tradition of the literary salon in the Middle East. Thus, she revived a tradition that existed in the classical period but was lost in time. She wanted the society to develop in the domains of culture, education, science and art. Maryânâ, who wrote articles in newspapers and magazines, made an important contribution to Arabic literature with her works. Maryânâ's being the first Arab woman to write in a newspaper makes her special. Maryâna's family members are also people who contributed to the Aleppo enlightenment movement. Her father tried to pacify sect strife with his work, and her brother Fransîs Marrâş supported the enlightenment movements with his writings. Maryânâ, who had the opportunity of education, which many women in her time could not have, defended the rights of women with her works and said that they should receive education. Her acquaintance with Western culture was important in shaping her life. She was the first female poet in Aleppo and had a divan of poems published in Beirut under the name Bint Fikr. Maryânâ, who praised some statesmen in her poems, wrote a poem to Sultan II. Abdulhamit, which facilitated the permission to publish her divan. We see that she was influenced by the Jahiliyya poet Hansa in her elegy style poems. Her most important elegy is the elegy she wrote for her brother Fransis Marrâs, which is considered one of the masterpieces of its genre. Maryânâ Marrâs, like other Aleppo women of her time, memorised and was influenced by the poetry of in İbnu’l-Farid’in (ö.1181) (d.1181) and the ghazal poet Ömer b. Ebû Rebia (ö. 711-712). She was also interested in French romantic poetry. We see a didactic and lyrical style in Maryân's works. The main theme of her works is her calls for women. Maryânâ criticised the wrongs she saw in her own time and her ideas spread beyond the borders of Aleppo and spread to other Arab cities. Since Maryâna Marrs came from a family of Christian origin and was herself a Christian, the issues we focus on in our study are mostly related to the Christian minority in Aleppo, the majority of whose people were Muslims at that time.
Maryânâ Marrâş, is one of the pioneers of Arab reformists in the modern period. Especially, in particular, the years 1848/1919, when she lived, ıt coincided with essential events for our common heritage, the Ottoman Empire. Maryâna was influenced by the literary salons she saw during her travels in Europe, and when she returned to Aleppo, she established a literary salon in her home and revived the tradition of the literary salon in the Middle East. Thus, she revived a tradition that existed in the classical period but was lost in time. She wanted the society to develop in the domains of culture, education, science and art. Maryânâ, who wrote articles in newspapers and magazines, made an important contribution to Arabic literature with her works. Maryânâ's being the first Arab woman to write in a newspaper makes her special. Maryâna's family members are also people who contributed to the Aleppo enlightenment movement. Her father tried to pacify sect strife with his work, and her brother Fransîs Marrâş supported the enlightenment movements with his writings. Maryânâ, who had the opportunity of education, which many women in her time could not have, defended the rights of women with her works and said that they should receive education. Her acquaintance with Western culture was important in shaping her life. She was the first female poet in Aleppo and had a divan of poems published in Beirut under the name Bint Fikr. Maryânâ, who praised some statesmen in her poems, wrote a poem to Sultan II. Abdulhamit, which facilitated the permission to publish her divan. We see that she was influenced by the Jahiliyya poet Hansa in her elegy style poems. Her most important elegy is the elegy she wrote for her brother Fransis Marrâs, which is considered one of the masterpieces of its genre. Maryânâ Marrâs, like other Aleppo women of her time, memorised and was influenced by the poetry of in İbnu’l-Farid’in (ö.1181) (d.1181) and the ghazal poet Ömer b. Ebû Rebia (ö. 711-712). She was also interested in French romantic poetry. We see a didactic and lyrical style in Maryân's works. The main theme of her works is her calls for women. Maryânâ criticised the wrongs she saw in her own time and her ideas spread beyond the borders of Aleppo and spread to other Arab cities. Since Maryâna Marrs came from a family of Christian origin and was herself a Christian, the issues we focus on in our study are mostly related to the Christian minority in Aleppo, the majority of whose people were Muslims at that time.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Modern Arap Edebiyatı, Halep, Maryânâ Mârrâş, Edebiyat Salonları, Modern Arabic Literature, Aleppo, Literature Halls
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Soysal, M. (2023). Maryânâ Marrâş'ın modern Arap edebiyatındaki yeri ve önemi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Batman.
