Türkistan’dan Tunceli’ye kurban inancı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Geleneksel Yayıncılık
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
Toplumdan topluma kurbana yüklenen anlam, kurban kesim şekli, kurban sunuları değişiklik gösterse
de, çoğunlukla her dinde ve gelenekte kurban, günahlardan arınma, tövbe, şükür gibi amaçlarla yapılmaktadır. 4000 yıllık bir tarihe sahip olan Türklerin gelenekleri incelendiğinde, kurban kesme ritüelinin eskiden
beri sürdürüldüğü anlaşılmaktadır. İslamiyet’e dâhil olduktan sonra Türklerin kurban ritüellerinde bazı değişimler yaşanmıştır. Bazı ritüeller uygulamadan kalkarken bazıları yaşatılmıştır. Örneğin, eski Türklerde
kurbanların başında gelen at, İslamiyet ile birlikte yerini koç, koyun, keçi, sığır gibi hayvanlara bırakmış ve
at kurban etme geleneği unutulmuştur. Bununla birlikte, Şaman ayinlerinde kurban kesilmesi, mum yakılması geleneğinin Alevilerin cem ritüeli vesilesiyle olduğu gibi yaşatıldığı görülmektedir. Günümüzde, Aleviler
arasında, eski Türk gelenek, görenek ve dinine ait motifler canlı şekilde izlenebilmektedir. Örneğin, Aleviler
İslam’ı benimsemiş olmalarına karşın, İslam ile beraber eski Türklerin şaman/kam inancı, kopuz eşliğinde
ibadet etme, sema, kadın/erkek bir arada ibadet etme, atalar kültü, dağ, ağaç ve nehirlere kutsallık atfetme biçimindeki inançlarını terk etmemişlerdir. İbadet dillerini de olduğu şekliyle, yani Türkçe olarak korumuşlardır. Alevilerin kurban ritüelleri, kimi değişimlere uğramışsa da, eski Türklerdeki birçok ritüeli bünyesinde korumuştur ve Aleviler yüzyıllardır eski Türk geleneklerindeki şekliyle kurbanlarını kesmişlerdir. Bu makalede,
eski Türklerdeki kurban ritüelleriyle Tunceli Alevilerinin halk inançlarındaki kurban ritüeli karşılaştırılmış,
benzerliklerin tespitine çalışılmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemine göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, 2015-2016 yıllarında Tunceli ve ilçelerinde, ziyaret yerlerinde yapılan yüz yüze mülakatlardan
elde edilmiştir. Toplam görüşmeci sayısı sekiz olup görüşmeciler Tunceli il nüfusuna kayıtlıdır. Araştırmanın
verileri, eski Türklerin kurban pratikleri ile Tunceli Alevilerinin kurban pratiklerinin dayandığı ortak bir geleneksel temel yapı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bir başka ifadeyle, Alevilerin kurban sunu/sungusu pratiklerinde,
eski Türk geleneklerinin önemli oranda korunmuş olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Sacrificing is performed in every religion and tradition with the aims of purifying from the sins, for repentance and gratitude though the meaning atrributed to sacrifice, way of beheading the sacrifice and sacrifice presentations vary from one society to another. When 400 year old Turkish traditions are examined, it can be understood that sacrificing ritual has been maintained since ancient times. The sacrificing rituals of Turks changed after they converted into Islam. While some rituals were abolished, some others survived. For instance, horse, which was the main animal of sacrifice in ancient Turks, gave way to such domestic animals as goat, sheep, ram and cattle; and horse sacrificing tradition was forgotten. However, it is seen that sacrificing tradition in shaman rituals has been survived as old times with cem ceremonies of Alevis. Today, among Alevis, ancient Turkic traditions, customs and motives of religion can be observed alive. For example, although Alevis accepted Islam as a religion, they did not give up their faiths in the form of referring holiness to ancestors cult, mountains, trees and rivers; and worshipping in sama form with men/women together; and accompanied with some musical instruments such as kopuz, as ancient beliefs of Turks of shaman/kam. They preserved their prayer language as Turkish like ancient times. Although sacrificing rituals in Alevis changed in some regions, they preserved many rituals of ancient Turks in their body; and they sacrificed oblations in the same way as they did for centuries. In this paper, sacrificing rituals in ancient Turks and sacrificing rituals in public faith of Tunceli Alevis have been compared and similarities have been tried to be evaluated. The study was carried out according to qualitative research methods. The data obtained from the study were attained from face to face interviews performed in holly places in Tunceli and its provincial towns in the years 2015-2016. Total number of interviewers was eight; and all of them are registered to Tunceli province population office. The data of the study showed that both sacrifice practices of ancient Turks and Tunceli Alevis are based on common traditional basic structure. In another words, it was understood that ancient Turkic traditions were preserved significantly in the sacrificing presentation practices of Alevis.
Sacrificing is performed in every religion and tradition with the aims of purifying from the sins, for repentance and gratitude though the meaning atrributed to sacrifice, way of beheading the sacrifice and sacrifice presentations vary from one society to another. When 400 year old Turkish traditions are examined, it can be understood that sacrificing ritual has been maintained since ancient times. The sacrificing rituals of Turks changed after they converted into Islam. While some rituals were abolished, some others survived. For instance, horse, which was the main animal of sacrifice in ancient Turks, gave way to such domestic animals as goat, sheep, ram and cattle; and horse sacrificing tradition was forgotten. However, it is seen that sacrificing tradition in shaman rituals has been survived as old times with cem ceremonies of Alevis. Today, among Alevis, ancient Turkic traditions, customs and motives of religion can be observed alive. For example, although Alevis accepted Islam as a religion, they did not give up their faiths in the form of referring holiness to ancestors cult, mountains, trees and rivers; and worshipping in sama form with men/women together; and accompanied with some musical instruments such as kopuz, as ancient beliefs of Turks of shaman/kam. They preserved their prayer language as Turkish like ancient times. Although sacrificing rituals in Alevis changed in some regions, they preserved many rituals of ancient Turks in their body; and they sacrificed oblations in the same way as they did for centuries. In this paper, sacrificing rituals in ancient Turks and sacrificing rituals in public faith of Tunceli Alevis have been compared and similarities have been tried to be evaluated. The study was carried out according to qualitative research methods. The data obtained from the study were attained from face to face interviews performed in holly places in Tunceli and its provincial towns in the years 2015-2016. Total number of interviewers was eight; and all of them are registered to Tunceli province population office. The data of the study showed that both sacrifice practices of ancient Turks and Tunceli Alevis are based on common traditional basic structure. In another words, it was understood that ancient Turkic traditions were preserved significantly in the sacrificing presentation practices of Alevis.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tunceli, Eski Türk Gelenekleri, Alevilik, Kurban İnancı, Eski Türklerde Kurban Ritüelleri, Ancient Turkic Traditions, Alevism, Sacrifice Faith, Rituals of Sacrifice in Ancient Turks
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
Scopus Q Değeri
Q2
Cilt
29
Sayı
115
Künye
ARSLAN, Y. (2017). Türkistan’dan Tunceli’ye kurban inancı. Milli Folklor, 29(115), ss. 51-62.
