Muş halkevi ve faaliyetleri(1934-1951)
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Tarih
2023-11-09
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Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu tez çalışmamda Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemlerinde devletin dağılmasının
önüne geçmek amacıyla kültürel alanda yapılan yenilik hareketlerinden biri olan Türk
Ocakları’nın ileriki dönemlerde yerini alacak Cumhuriyet dönemi kuruluşlarından olan
Halkevlerinin kuruluşuna, kuruluş amaçlarına, Milli Mücadeleden sonra küllerinden
doğan yeni Türk Devleti’nin sosyo-kültürel, ekonomik, siyasal açıdan gelişimine olan
katkılarına değineceğim.
Halkevleri 1932 yılında Türk Ocakları’nın kapatılması ve mal varlığının
halkevlerine devri sonucu kurulmuştur. Türk Ocakları Osmanlı Devleti’nin son
dönemlerinde ülkeye Osmanlıcılık ve Türkçülük ideolojilerini benimseterek Osmanlı
tebaası içerisinde birlik ve beraberliği sağlama amacıyla kurulmuştur. Aynı durum
halkevleri içinde geçerli olmuş Halkevleri de Halkçılık ve Milliyetçilik anlayışı
doğrultusunda hareket ederek milli birlik ve beraberlik adına çalışmalarda bulunmuştur.
Halkevlerinin kurulma amaçlarına değinecek olursak; Milli Mücadele’nin yaratmış
olduğu yıkımın ülke genelindeki etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak, halkın içinde bulunduğu
sosyo-ekonomik, siyasal, psikolojik durumu kültürel faaliyetlerle unutturmak, halkın
okuma-yazma oranını, kültür seviyesini artırmak, ülkeyi muasır medeniyetler seviyesine
çıkarmak ve bunun gibi birçok amaçlarına değinmek mümkün. Cumhuriyet’in ilanından
sonra hızla gerçekleştirilen Atatürk İlke ve İnkılaplarının Türk milletine özümsetilmek
istenmesi de bir diğer hedeflerden sadece bir tanesidir.1923 yılında kurulan Halk
Fırkası,1924’te Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası,1935 yılında ise Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi adını
almıştır. CHP’de yeni yönetim anlayışını halka tanıtmak, halka Cumhuriyet anlayışını
benimsetmek, yönetici- halk bütünleşmesini sağlamak amacıyla ülkenin birçok yerinde
Halkevlerinin açılmasını sağlamıştır. Başlangıçta az sayıda açılan halkevleri zamanla
ülkenin birçok yerinde sayıca hızla artış göstermiştir. Ülkenin Doğu ve Güneydoğu
Anadolu Bölgeleri’nde kurulan halkevleri buralarda da ülkenin gelişimi adına
faaliyetlerde bulunmuşlardır. Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde kurulan
halkevlerinin temel faaliyetleri diğer halkevlerinde olduğu gibi; eğitim-öğretim
faaliyetleri, Türkçe okuma-yazma çalışmaları ve Türk dilinin etkin kullanımı üzerine
olmuştur.
Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde kurulan halkevlerinden bir tanesi de 1934 yılında
kurulan Muş Halkevi’dir. Muş Halkevi kurulduktan hemen sonra bölgede hızlı bir
şekilde kültürel, sanatsal, ekonomik vb. alanlarda faaliyetlerine başlamıştır. Özellikle
bölge halkına Türkçe öğretmek amacıyla dil kursları ve aynı zamanda halkın okuma yazma konusunda gelişimini sağlamak amacıyla da okuma-yazma kursları açılmıştır.
Bölge halkının muhafazakâr bir yapıya sahip olması özellikle kadın nüfusun halkevleri
faaliyetlerine katılımını kısıtlamıştır. Muş Halkevi’nin kurulmasıyla birlikte bölge
halkının kurulan Yeni Türk Devleti’nin anlayışını, özünü içselleştirmesi ve uygulaması
adına faaliyetlere yoğunluk verilmiştir. Kitap okuma, sinema filmleri, tiyatro oyunları
gibi faaliyetlerle genç nüfusun kültür seviyesi arttırılmak istenmiş aynı zamanda Atatürk
ilke ve İnkılapları bu genç nüfusa benimsetilmiştir.
Sonuç olarak Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarından itibaren ülkenin eğitim-öğretim
alanında gelişimine katkı sunan halkevleri Türk Eğitim Tarihi’nde önemli bir yer teşkil
etmiştir. Halkevleri sadece eğitim açısından değil aynı zamanda sosyo-ekonomik,
siyasal, kültürel alanlarda da ülke gelişimine katkı sunan çok yönlü bir kuruluş olma
vasfına da sahip olmuştur.
In this thesis, I will focus on the establishment of the People's Houses, one of the Republican period establishments that will replace the Turkish Hearths, which is one of the innovation movements in the cultural field in order to prevent the disintegration of the state in the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, the foundation purposes, the new Turkish State that emerged from the ashes after the National Struggle. I will mention the contributions of the socio-cultural, economic and political development of the The Community Centers were established in 1932 as a result of the closure of the Turkish Hearths and the transfer of their assets to the Community Centers. The Turkish Hearths were established in the last periods of the Ottoman Empire in order to ensure unity and solidarity among the Ottoman subjects by adopting the ideologies of Ottomanism and Turkism. The same situation was valid in the Community Centers, and the Community Centers acted in line with the understanding of Populism and Nationalism and worked on behalf of national unity and solidarity. If we talk about the purposes of establishment of Community Centers; It is possible to eliminate the effects of the destruction created by the National Struggle throughout the country, to make people forget their socio-economic, political and psychological situation with cultural activities, to increase the literacy rate and cultural level of the people, to raise the country to the level of contemporary civilizations, and many other purposes. . The desire to assimilate Atatürk's Principles and Revolutions, which were carried out rapidly after the proclamation of the Republic, to the Turkish nation is just one of the other goals. In order to introduce the new management approach to the public in the CHP, to adopt the understanding of the Republic to the public, and to ensure the integration of the administrators and the people, Community Centers were opened in many parts of the country. The community centers, which were opened in small numbers in the beginning, increased rapidly in many parts of the country over time. The community centers established in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolian Regions of the country also carried out activities on behalf of the development of the country. The main activities of the community centers established in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions are as in other community centers; educational activities, Turkish literacy studies and effective use of the Turkish language. One of the community centers established in the Eastern Anatolia Region is the Mus Community Center, which was established in 1934. Immediately after the establishment of the Mus Community Center, cultural, artistic, economic, etc. started its activities in the fields. In particular, language courses were opened to teach Turkish to the people of the region, as well as literacy courses to ensure the development of the people in literacy. The conservative nature of the people of the region limited the participation of the female population in the activities of the community centers. With the establishment of the Muş Community Center, activities were focused on in order for the people of the region to internalize and implement the understanding and essence of the New Turkish State. It was aimed to increase the cultural level of the young population with activities such as reading books, movies and theater plays, and at the same time, Atatürk's principles and reforms were adopted by this young population. As a result, Community Centers, which have contributed to the development of the country in the field of education since the first years of the Republic, have an important place in Turkish Education History. Community Centers have become a multi-faceted organization that contributes to the development of the country not only in terms of education, but also in socio-economic, political and cultural areas.
In this thesis, I will focus on the establishment of the People's Houses, one of the Republican period establishments that will replace the Turkish Hearths, which is one of the innovation movements in the cultural field in order to prevent the disintegration of the state in the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, the foundation purposes, the new Turkish State that emerged from the ashes after the National Struggle. I will mention the contributions of the socio-cultural, economic and political development of the The Community Centers were established in 1932 as a result of the closure of the Turkish Hearths and the transfer of their assets to the Community Centers. The Turkish Hearths were established in the last periods of the Ottoman Empire in order to ensure unity and solidarity among the Ottoman subjects by adopting the ideologies of Ottomanism and Turkism. The same situation was valid in the Community Centers, and the Community Centers acted in line with the understanding of Populism and Nationalism and worked on behalf of national unity and solidarity. If we talk about the purposes of establishment of Community Centers; It is possible to eliminate the effects of the destruction created by the National Struggle throughout the country, to make people forget their socio-economic, political and psychological situation with cultural activities, to increase the literacy rate and cultural level of the people, to raise the country to the level of contemporary civilizations, and many other purposes. . The desire to assimilate Atatürk's Principles and Revolutions, which were carried out rapidly after the proclamation of the Republic, to the Turkish nation is just one of the other goals. In order to introduce the new management approach to the public in the CHP, to adopt the understanding of the Republic to the public, and to ensure the integration of the administrators and the people, Community Centers were opened in many parts of the country. The community centers, which were opened in small numbers in the beginning, increased rapidly in many parts of the country over time. The community centers established in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolian Regions of the country also carried out activities on behalf of the development of the country. The main activities of the community centers established in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions are as in other community centers; educational activities, Turkish literacy studies and effective use of the Turkish language. One of the community centers established in the Eastern Anatolia Region is the Mus Community Center, which was established in 1934. Immediately after the establishment of the Mus Community Center, cultural, artistic, economic, etc. started its activities in the fields. In particular, language courses were opened to teach Turkish to the people of the region, as well as literacy courses to ensure the development of the people in literacy. The conservative nature of the people of the region limited the participation of the female population in the activities of the community centers. With the establishment of the Muş Community Center, activities were focused on in order for the people of the region to internalize and implement the understanding and essence of the New Turkish State. It was aimed to increase the cultural level of the young population with activities such as reading books, movies and theater plays, and at the same time, Atatürk's principles and reforms were adopted by this young population. As a result, Community Centers, which have contributed to the development of the country in the field of education since the first years of the Republic, have an important place in Turkish Education History. Community Centers have become a multi-faceted organization that contributes to the development of the country not only in terms of education, but also in socio-economic, political and cultural areas.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
CHP, Eğitim, Halkçılık, Halkevleri, Halkodaları, Kültür, Muş, Tarih, Education, Community Centers, Culture, History, Mus, People’s Rooms, Populism
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Varlı, H. (2023). Muş halkevi ve faaliyetleri(1934-1951). (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Batman.
