Hanıf Kureıshı'nin Varoşların Budası adlı eserinde 'öteki' kavramı
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Tarih
2018-03-31
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MOLESTO: Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
Aydınlanmacı fikirlerin ön ayak olduğu öz güvenle Elizabeth döneminden başlayarak 19. yüzyılda doruk
noktasına ulaşan Birleşik Krallık ‘güneş batmayan krallık2
’ olarak yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısına dek
sömürgecilik faaliyetleriyle hem ekonomik hem de siyasal anlamda dünyaya yön vermiştir. Elde ettiği
hegemonik üstünlüğünü kaybetmesi sonucunda İkinci Dünya Savaşını takip eden yıllarda eski sömürge
bölgelerinden, Güneydoğu Asya, Afrika ve Karayiplerden birçok topluluk ülkenin büyük kısmına göç
ederek, Britanya toplumunu ve kültürel yapısını büyük oranda değişikliğe uğratmıştır. Bu süreçle birlikte,
İngiltere artık çok kültürlü bir yapıya bürünmüştür. Söz konusu duruma rağmen, özellikle sömürgecilik
sürecinde ve yazınında Batı ideolojisi tarafından üretilen ‘Doğu’ ve ‘Öteki’ gibi kavramlar ulus ötesi
uzamda da önemini korumuş ve ev sahibi İngiliz toplumu tarafından yüzyıllardır süre gelen hiyerarşik
(sömüren-sömürülen) ilişkinin devamı olarak üretilmeye devam etmiştir. Hanif Kureishi’nin Varoşların
Budası (1990) adlı romanı ırkçı ve ötekileştirici politikaların hâkim kılındığı 1970’li yılların İngiltere’sini
konu alan, sömürgecilik sonrası yazının en önemli eserlerinden biri olarak gösterilmektedir. Bu roman, Batı
medeniyetinin merkezi sayılabilecek bir uzamda göç, kimlik, ötekilik, sterotip ve Doğu gibi çağdaş
toplumsal düzenin gerçekliğini yansıtan kavramlar üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ele alınan çalışma
söz konusu romanın göç deneyimini yaşayan birinci kuşak göçmenler ve onların ikinci kuşak temsilcileri
tarafından deneyimlenen ayrımcı, ötekileştirici ve ırkçı tutumların savaş sonrası İngiliz toplumunda çok
kültürlülük kavramını nasıl sorunsallaştırdığını yansıtmaktadır. Çalışmada, öncelikle Edward Said, Homi
K. Bhabha, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Stuart Hall gibi önemli toplumsal kuramcıların ‘öteki’ kavramı
üzerine görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Daha sonra, Kureishi’nin Varoşların Budası eserinde, söz konusu kavram
üzerine yapılan açıklamalar ışığında, birinci ve ikinci kuşak göçmen kimliklerin maruz bırakıldıkları
ötekileştirici ve ırkçı tutumlar örneklerle tartışılmıştır
Thanks to self-confidence initiated with the enlightened ideas, the United Kingdom, as the empire on which the sun never sets, directed the World both economically and politically by means of colonial interests that began in the Elizabethan period, peaked during the 19th century and carried on up till the second part of the 20th century. As a consequence of losing its hegemonic center, during the years following the Second World War, many communities from the former colonial territories, such as Southeast Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, immigrated into many parts of the country, mainly to London, the heart of the country. Such migratory flows have changed the British society and culture in a great extend. With this process, Britain has turned into a multicultural structure. In spite of this circumstance, the concepts such as the 'Orient' and 'Other' produced by the ideological perception of the Western ideology, especially in the colonial period and in literature, have continued to be important in the transnational space and continue to be produced as a continuation of the hierarchical relationship (colonizer-colonized) that has been maintained by the host British society for centuries. Hanif Kureishi's novel, The Buddha of Suburbia (1990) is regarded as one of the most important works of postcolonial literature about England in the 1970s during which racist and alienating policies were dominant. This novel focuses on concepts that reflect the reality of contemporary social order such as immigration, identity, otherness, stereotyping and the Orient in a space that can be considered as the center of Western civilization. In this respect, this study reflects how the discriminatory, alienating and racist attitudes experienced by the first-generation immigrants and their second generation representatives problematize the concept of multiculturalism in post-war British society. In the study, theories of such important social theoreticians as Edward Said, Homi K. Bhabha, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Stuart Hall on the concept of 'the other' are employed in order to discuss the concepts of 'other', the otherizing and racist attitudes to which the first and second generation immigrant identities are exposed in Kureishi's The Buddha of Suburbia
Thanks to self-confidence initiated with the enlightened ideas, the United Kingdom, as the empire on which the sun never sets, directed the World both economically and politically by means of colonial interests that began in the Elizabethan period, peaked during the 19th century and carried on up till the second part of the 20th century. As a consequence of losing its hegemonic center, during the years following the Second World War, many communities from the former colonial territories, such as Southeast Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, immigrated into many parts of the country, mainly to London, the heart of the country. Such migratory flows have changed the British society and culture in a great extend. With this process, Britain has turned into a multicultural structure. In spite of this circumstance, the concepts such as the 'Orient' and 'Other' produced by the ideological perception of the Western ideology, especially in the colonial period and in literature, have continued to be important in the transnational space and continue to be produced as a continuation of the hierarchical relationship (colonizer-colonized) that has been maintained by the host British society for centuries. Hanif Kureishi's novel, The Buddha of Suburbia (1990) is regarded as one of the most important works of postcolonial literature about England in the 1970s during which racist and alienating policies were dominant. This novel focuses on concepts that reflect the reality of contemporary social order such as immigration, identity, otherness, stereotyping and the Orient in a space that can be considered as the center of Western civilization. In this respect, this study reflects how the discriminatory, alienating and racist attitudes experienced by the first-generation immigrants and their second generation representatives problematize the concept of multiculturalism in post-war British society. In the study, theories of such important social theoreticians as Edward Said, Homi K. Bhabha, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Stuart Hall on the concept of 'the other' are employed in order to discuss the concepts of 'other', the otherizing and racist attitudes to which the first and second generation immigrant identities are exposed in Kureishi's The Buddha of Suburbia
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Doğu, Öteki, Ötekileştirme, Irkçılık, Varoşların Budası, Hanif Kureishi, The Orient, Other, Otherization, Racism, The Buddha of Suburbia
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
1
Sayı
1
Künye
Işık, E. (2018). Hanıf Kureıshı'nin Varoşların Budası adlı eserinde 'öteki' kavramı. MOLESTO: Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), ss.24-37. https://dx.doi.org/10.33406/molesto.397305.