Yeni eleştiri kuramından akademik eleştiri yöntemine
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Tarih
2014-08
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
International Journal of Languages
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
Günümüz akademik yayın ortamlarında, metin merkezli oluşları
itibariyle biçimci/yapısalcı eleştiri yöntemlerine çağdaş edebiyat, Klasik
edebiyat, Halkbilimi ve Halk edebiyatı ürünlerinin incelenmesinde her
geçen gün daha fazla başvurulmaktadır. Biçimci/yapısalcı yöntemlerden en
yaygın olarak kullanılanı ise Yeni Eleştiridir.
Yeni Eleştiri, T. S. Eliot’un görüşlerinden hareket ederken metin
merkezli yöntemlerden Biçimci Eleştiri, Victor B. Shklovsky ile Roman
Jacobson gibi isimlerin; Arketipçi Eleştiri, C. Jung’ın ve N. Frye’ın
görüşlerini temel almaktadır. Göstergebilimsel Eleştirinin ilkeleri R.
Barthes’e dayandırılırken Yapısökücü Eleştiri, daha derin daha yakın daha
pratik okumalar vaat eden Jacques Derrida’nın ve Yapısalcılığın da öncü
ismi olan F. de Saussure’ın görüşleri etrafında şekillenmiştir.
Yeni Eleştirinin günümüz edebiyat sahasındaki şekli olan
Akademik Eleştiri, kendisine ve eleştirmenlere sınırlar dayatan bir yöntem
değildir. Akademik Eleştiri, ilkeleriyle ufuk açarken eleştirmeni
psikolojiden, tarihten, edebiyat tarihinden ve sosyolojiden yararlanmaktan
alıkoymaz. İncelemede de dikkatli olmayı ve sadece edebi metni esas
almayı salık verir. Akademik Eleştiri; edebi metinleri incelemek üzere iki
yönlü okuma yöntemini önerir. Çözümleyici dikey okumada, metin bir
cümle gibi kabul edilip unsurlarına ayrılır. Sentezleyici yatay okumada
kapalı, yakın, derin okuma pratikleriyle eleştiriye tabi tutulan metin adeta
yeniden inşa edilir. Bu yöntemde metnin okunmasından sonra, esas
inceleme planının hazırlanması için gerekecek temel ilkeler ve bakış açıları
ortaya konur.
Biricik kabul edilen edebi esere uygulanabilecek incelemeler için
yol gösteren Biçimci Akademik Eleştiri, okumanın neticesinde alınacak
notların belirleyici olduğunu öğretir. Eserin kendisinin, metnin tahlili için
gerekli esas alt başlıkların elde edilmesine yeterli geleceğine inanır.
The critics reference formalist/structuralist methods of criticism in today’s literary arena more and more with each passing day, especially in academic publication environments at contemporary literary products as well as Classic literature, Folklore and Folk literature, because of they were text-based. One of the most common methods of structuralist criticism is Academic Criticism. Anglo-Sakson New Criticism is affected from views of T. S. Eliot. Formalist criticism influenced with opinions of names such as Victor B. Shklovksy and Roman Jacobson. Archetypal Criticism is based on C. Jung’s and N. Frye’s opinions. On the other hand the principles of Semiotic Criticism are based on R. Barthes. Deconstructive Criticism is formed by J. Derrida’s views promise deeper, closer practical challenges and as the pioneer of Structuralism F. de Saussure’s opinions. Academic Criticism, the shape of New Criticism in the field of contemporary literature, doesn’t draw the boundaries for itself and its critics. On the contrary Academic Criticism opens the horizon with its principles. It doesn’t exempt the critic from enjoyment of psychology, history, literaturehistory and sociology. Academic Criticism recommends the critics to be careful in text-examination and take on only literary text as the subject. Academic Criticism, recommends two directional reading methods to examine literary texts. The text is separated its elements as a sentence in the analyzer vertical reading. The texts almost are reconstructed in the synthesizer horizontal reading through close, near and deep reading practices. It explains the basic necessary principles and perspectives for the preparation of inspection plan after the reading of the text. Academic Criticism teaches that results of reading determine for review unique texts. Structuralist Academic Criticism claims that it provides obtaining required sub-headings especially in text from macro-plan for text analysis.
The critics reference formalist/structuralist methods of criticism in today’s literary arena more and more with each passing day, especially in academic publication environments at contemporary literary products as well as Classic literature, Folklore and Folk literature, because of they were text-based. One of the most common methods of structuralist criticism is Academic Criticism. Anglo-Sakson New Criticism is affected from views of T. S. Eliot. Formalist criticism influenced with opinions of names such as Victor B. Shklovksy and Roman Jacobson. Archetypal Criticism is based on C. Jung’s and N. Frye’s opinions. On the other hand the principles of Semiotic Criticism are based on R. Barthes. Deconstructive Criticism is formed by J. Derrida’s views promise deeper, closer practical challenges and as the pioneer of Structuralism F. de Saussure’s opinions. Academic Criticism, the shape of New Criticism in the field of contemporary literature, doesn’t draw the boundaries for itself and its critics. On the contrary Academic Criticism opens the horizon with its principles. It doesn’t exempt the critic from enjoyment of psychology, history, literaturehistory and sociology. Academic Criticism recommends the critics to be careful in text-examination and take on only literary text as the subject. Academic Criticism, recommends two directional reading methods to examine literary texts. The text is separated its elements as a sentence in the analyzer vertical reading. The texts almost are reconstructed in the synthesizer horizontal reading through close, near and deep reading practices. It explains the basic necessary principles and perspectives for the preparation of inspection plan after the reading of the text. Academic Criticism teaches that results of reading determine for review unique texts. Structuralist Academic Criticism claims that it provides obtaining required sub-headings especially in text from macro-plan for text analysis.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yeni Eleştiri, Akademik Eleştiri Yöntemi, Çözümleyici Dikey Okuma, Sentezci Yatay Okuma, New Criticism, Academic Criticism Methods, Analyzer in Breadth, Synthesizer in Length Reading
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
2
Sayı
2
Künye
Zariç, M. (2014). Yeni eleştiri kuramından akademik eleştiri yöntemine. International Journal of Languages, 2 (2), ss.99-121.
