Anadolu’da ana tanrıça kültü
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Tarih
2014-12
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Asos Journal
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
Ana Tanrıça Kültü tarihin en eski dönemlerinden itibaren farklı coğrafyalarda ve
farklı kültürlerde karşımıza çıkan bir kavramdır. Çok tanrılı din inanışının yaygın
olduğu Eskiçağ toplumlarında “Doğa Tanrıçası” olarak kabul edilen ve tapınım
gören Ana Tanrıça tasvirlerine yoğun olarak rastlanmaktadır. Üst Paleolitik
Çağ’dan itibaren Avrupa’daki çeşitli mağaralarda yapılan arkeolojik kazılarda
ortaya çıkan heykelcikler Ana Tanrıça kültünün ilk örnekleri olarak görülmektedir.
Magna Mater olarak tanımlanan Büyük Ana Tanrıça inanışı daha sonraki kültürel
süreçte özellikle Friglerde Kybele olarak bilinmektedir. Anadolu’da M.Ö. I. Binde
Kybele ve eşi Atis’e tapınıldığını kanıtlayan çeşitli açık hava tapınakları
bulunmaktadır. Anadolu’da Kybele’nin kaya anıtları, mezar stelleri ve
heykellerden oluşan tasvirleri de dikkat çekmektedir. Ana Tanrıça inanışının
Friglerden sonra Lidyalılara, Klasik Çağlarda ise tüm Akdeniz kıyılarına ulaştığı
anlaşılmaktadır. Tarihin çeşitli dönemlerinden itibaren bereket, bolluk, verimlilik
ve doğurganlık sembolü olarak görülen Ana Tanrıça tasvirlerine Geç Hitit, Frig,
Urartu, Yunan ve Roma kültürlerinde de rastlamak mümkündür. Tarihin çeşitli
dönemlerinde ve çeşitli kültürlerinde ortaya çıkan Ana Tanrıça inanışları evrensel
bir kavram olarak kültürel sürekliliği göstermesi bakımından oldukça dikkat
çekmektedir.
Anadolu’nun Neolitik ve Kalkolitik Dönemlerine ait yapılan arkeolojik kazılarda
ortaya çıkarılan Ana Tanrıça kültü ile ilgili heykelcikler de aynı inanışın bir
yansıması olarak görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan Frig dinsel ikonografisinin ve kült
geleneklerinin gelişiminde Hitit etkisinin yoğun olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Arkeolojik
ve filolojik belgeler ışığında değerlendirilen Ana Tanrıça tasvirleri dönemin
toplumlarının gerek dinsel gerek sosyo-kültürel yapısını yansıtması bakımından
önem taşımaktadır.
Mother goddess cult is a concept that we have been observing in different geographies and cultures since the ancient times. In Ancient societies where polytheist belief was common, Mother Goddess depictions that was accepted as “Nature Goddess” and worshipped are encountered in great numbers. Since the upper Palaeolithic Age, the statuettes that are found in archeological excavations conducted in various caves in Europe have been accepted as the first examples of Mother Goddess cult. Big Mother Goddess belief defined as Magna Mater is known as Kybele especially in Phrygians during the later cultural processes. In 1000 BC, in Anatolia various open air temples proving that Kybele and her husband Atis were worshipped have been found. In Anatolia, the depictions consisting of rock-cut monuments, rock-cut tombs and statues of Kybele also receive attention. It is comprehended that Mother Goddess belief reached Lydians and in Classical ages along the Mediterranean coast after Phrygians. It is possible that Mother Goddess depictions, which were seen as the symbol of prosperity, fertility and abundance since different periods of history, can be come across in late Hittite, Phrygian, Urartian, Greek and Roman cultures. Beliefs of Mother Goddess emerging in different cultures in different eras of history attract great attention in terms of cultural continuity as a universal concept. The statuettes of Mother Goddess obtained in archaeological excavation belonging to Neolithic and Chalcolithic Eras of Anatolia are seen as the reflections of the same belief. On the other hand, it is understood that the Hittite influence on development of Phrygian religious iconography and cult traditions was intense. Mother Goddess depictions evaluated under the light of archaeological and philogical are crucial in respect to reflecting both religious and socio-cultural structure of the societies of the time.
Mother goddess cult is a concept that we have been observing in different geographies and cultures since the ancient times. In Ancient societies where polytheist belief was common, Mother Goddess depictions that was accepted as “Nature Goddess” and worshipped are encountered in great numbers. Since the upper Palaeolithic Age, the statuettes that are found in archeological excavations conducted in various caves in Europe have been accepted as the first examples of Mother Goddess cult. Big Mother Goddess belief defined as Magna Mater is known as Kybele especially in Phrygians during the later cultural processes. In 1000 BC, in Anatolia various open air temples proving that Kybele and her husband Atis were worshipped have been found. In Anatolia, the depictions consisting of rock-cut monuments, rock-cut tombs and statues of Kybele also receive attention. It is comprehended that Mother Goddess belief reached Lydians and in Classical ages along the Mediterranean coast after Phrygians. It is possible that Mother Goddess depictions, which were seen as the symbol of prosperity, fertility and abundance since different periods of history, can be come across in late Hittite, Phrygian, Urartian, Greek and Roman cultures. Beliefs of Mother Goddess emerging in different cultures in different eras of history attract great attention in terms of cultural continuity as a universal concept. The statuettes of Mother Goddess obtained in archaeological excavation belonging to Neolithic and Chalcolithic Eras of Anatolia are seen as the reflections of the same belief. On the other hand, it is understood that the Hittite influence on development of Phrygian religious iconography and cult traditions was intense. Mother Goddess depictions evaluated under the light of archaeological and philogical are crucial in respect to reflecting both religious and socio-cultural structure of the societies of the time.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ana Tanrıça, Kybele, Frig, Magna Mater, Kült, Mother Goddess, Phrygian, Cult
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
8
Künye
Oral, E. (2014). Anadolu’da ana tanrıça kültü, Asos Journal, (8), ss.154-164. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.461
