Mondros Mütarekesi sonrası İngiltere’nin Kürt Politikası ve Kürt talepleri (1918-1919)
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2019
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
ngiltere Ortadoğu politikasındaki hedeflerine Mondros Mütarekesi ile ulaştı. Bunlar Irak
petrolü ve Boğazların kontrolü idi. Irak petrollerinin ve Hindistan yolu üzerindeki Süveyş
Kanalı’nın güvenliği için Anadolu’da İngiltere güdümlü devlet ya da devletçiler kurulmalıydı.
Buradaki sorun ise bunun hangi devlet veya devletler aracılığıyla gerçekleştirileceği idi. Bu
bağlamda İngiltere, Türkiye ile Rusya arasına bir set çekmek için Amerika himayesinde bir
Ermenistan devleti kurmak istedi. Diğer yandan ise İngilizlere göre; petrol bölgesinde oturan
Kürtler tüm ümitlerini kendilerine bağlamıştı. İngiltere, Rusya’ya karşı kurmak istediği seti
Kürtlerle tamamlamak ve onları Türklere, Araplara ve İran’a karşı kullanmak istiyordu.
Kürtleri, İngiltere için önemli kılan Irak petrolleriydi.
I. Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra İngiliz yönetiminin değişik devlet kademelerinde çeşitli
“Kürdistan” önerileri gündeme geldi. Bu tekliflerden birisi için ön hazırlıklarını yapmak üzere
Binbaşı E. W. C. Noel, 1919 yılı başlarında Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu’ya gönderildi. Onun
aracılığıyla bölgedeki Kürt aşiret şefleriyle bağlantı kuruldu. Aşiretlerin Türklerden
uzaklaşarak İngiliz tarafına geçirilmesi için büyük uğraş verildi. Ayrıca Kürtler üzerinde etkili
olabileceği düşünülen önde gelen Kürt lider ve entelektüelleriyle de bağlantı kuruldu.
Bu çalışmada İngiliz arşiv belgeleri ve akademik kaynaklardan hareket edilerek Mondros
Mütarekesi sonrasında 1918-1919 yılları arasında İngiltere’nin Ortadoğu politikası
çerçevesinde bölgeyi şekillendirmek istemesine, bölgeye bir aktör olarak etkisine, Kürt aşiret
liderleri ile ilişkilerine, Kürt liderlerin İngiltere’den taleplerine, Kürt-Ermeni ve Türk-Kürt
ilişkileri ile Anadolu’da başlayan Milli Mücadele hareketine bakışı ve bölgede aldığı konuma
değinilmiştir
Britain achieved her goals in line with her Middle Eastern policy, namely, the Iraqi oil lands and control over the Dardanelles, by means of the Treaty of Mudros. In order to secure the Iraqi oil and the Suez Canal situated on Indian route, Britain needed to have new states or state-like entities created under her control in Anatolia. The problem here was about the choice of states that would serve this purpose. They intended to create an Amenian state that would serve as a barrier between Turkey and Russia under the U.S. mandate. On the other hand, they believed that the Kurds who lived on the oil land, pinned all their hope on the British. They wanted to complete the barrier they built against Russia with a Kurdish state that could be held over Turks, Arabs and Iranians. What made Kurds important for Britain was the Iraqi oil. In the aftermath of the WWI, various proposals regarding establishment of a “Kurdistan” were brought to the agenda of the British government. For the purpose of laying groundwork for one of these proposals, Major E.W.C. Noel was sent in 1919 to Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia. They established connections with Kurdish tribal leaders of the region through him. They made strenuous efforts to draw Kurdish tribes away from the Turks and side with Britain. They also established connections with Kurdish leaders and intellectual figures who could be influential upon the Kurdish population. Based on British archive documents and academic resources, this study aims at examining the British aspirations to reshape the region in line with their Middle Eastern policy, their influence on the region as an actor, the connections they established with Kurdish tribal leaders, demands of Kurdish leaders from Britain and the British viewpoint regarding KurdishArmenian and Turkish-Kurdish relations as well as the Turkish Nationalist Movement which became influential short after it was born
Britain achieved her goals in line with her Middle Eastern policy, namely, the Iraqi oil lands and control over the Dardanelles, by means of the Treaty of Mudros. In order to secure the Iraqi oil and the Suez Canal situated on Indian route, Britain needed to have new states or state-like entities created under her control in Anatolia. The problem here was about the choice of states that would serve this purpose. They intended to create an Amenian state that would serve as a barrier between Turkey and Russia under the U.S. mandate. On the other hand, they believed that the Kurds who lived on the oil land, pinned all their hope on the British. They wanted to complete the barrier they built against Russia with a Kurdish state that could be held over Turks, Arabs and Iranians. What made Kurds important for Britain was the Iraqi oil. In the aftermath of the WWI, various proposals regarding establishment of a “Kurdistan” were brought to the agenda of the British government. For the purpose of laying groundwork for one of these proposals, Major E.W.C. Noel was sent in 1919 to Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia. They established connections with Kurdish tribal leaders of the region through him. They made strenuous efforts to draw Kurdish tribes away from the Turks and side with Britain. They also established connections with Kurdish leaders and intellectual figures who could be influential upon the Kurdish population. Based on British archive documents and academic resources, this study aims at examining the British aspirations to reshape the region in line with their Middle Eastern policy, their influence on the region as an actor, the connections they established with Kurdish tribal leaders, demands of Kurdish leaders from Britain and the British viewpoint regarding KurdishArmenian and Turkish-Kurdish relations as well as the Turkish Nationalist Movement which became influential short after it was born
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İngiltere, Kürt Politikası, Binbaşı Noel, Aşiretler, Ermeniler, Britain, Kurdish Policy, Major Noel, Tribes, Armenians
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Sayı
Künye
Turan, O. (2019). Mondros Mütarekesi sonrası İngiltere’nin Kürt Politikası ve Kürt talepleri (1918-1919). 100. Yılında Erzurum Kongresi Uluslararası Sempozyumu, 23-25 Temmuz 2019, Erzurum
