Moğolların Mardin kuşatması ve Hülagü’den Olcaytu’ya İlhanlı - Artuklu münasebetleri
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Tarih
2018-12-14
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Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
Cengiz Han devrinde batıya yönelen Moğollar Harezimlilere ilk darbeyi vurarak karşı konulamaz
ordularına İran ve yakın doğu yolunu açtılar. Cengiz Handan sonra torunu Hülagü 1250 tarihinde bütün
Moğolların beşte biri büyüklüğünde bir ordu ile tekrar Maveraünnehir ve İran topraklarını istila etti. 1256
yılında Alamut’u alarak başkenti Tebriz olan İlhanlı devletini kurdu. Hülagü 1258 yılında Bağdat’ı kuşatmayla
alarak Abbasi devletini ortadan kaldırdı. Böylece Hülagü üç hedefinin ikisine ulaşmış oldu. Moğolların üçüncü hedefi ise Memlukleri ortadan kaldırarak sınırlarını Büyük Okyanus’tan Akdeniz’e kadar genişletmekti.
Bu dönemde Mardin ve çevresine hâkim bulunan Artuklular, Moğollar için yukardaki amaçlarına
hizmet edebilecek bir coğrafyaya sahiptiler. Bundan dolayı Hülagü Han Mardin kalesinin alınmasına çok
büyük önem vermekteydi. Bu nedenle Hülagü Mardin kalesinin muhasarası yaklaşık iki sene sürmesine rağmen Moğol ordusunu geri çekmedi. Ancak Mardin’i Moğollara karşı savunan Mardin Artuklu Hükümdarı I.
Necmeddin Gazi’nin ölmesi üzerine onun yerine geçen oğlu Kara Aslan şehri Moğollara teslim etmek için
Hülagü ile yazışmış neticede şehir Moğollara teslim edilmiştir. Buna karşılık olarak Kara Aslan’a Diyarbakır, Elcezire ve çevresinin hâkimiyeti verilmiştir. Böylece Moğollar kendileri için her bakımdan stratejik bir müttefik edinirlerken Artuklular da İlhanlılar gibi dönemin süper gücü konumundaki bir devletin desteğini kazanmışlardır.
Bu da Moğolların Mardin’e nasıl ve ne amaçla geldiklerini, bölgenin siyaset ve kültürünü nasıl etkilediklerini, bölgenin birliğine ne gibi etkide bulundukları gibi soruları cevaplandı Yine savaş ve çatışma ile
başlayan İlhanlı Artuklu ilişkilerinin ne şekilde dünürlük ile sonuçlandığı konusunun üzerinde de duruldu
The Mongols, who headed westward during the period of Genghis Khan, struck the first blow to the Khwarazm Shahs and opened their way to Iran and the Near East. After Genghis Khan, his grandson Hulagü invaded Maveraünnehir and Iranian territory again in 1250 with an army of five-fifths of all Mongols. He founded Ilhanlı State, the capital city of Tabriz after captured Alamut in 1256. In 1258, he took the siege of Baghdad and abolished the Abbasid state. Thus, Hulagü reached two of his three goals. The third goal of the Mongols was to extend the borders from the Great Ocean to the Mediterranean by eliminating the Mamluks. The Artukids, who dominated Mardin and its environs during this period, had a geography that could serve the Mongols for the above purposes. For this reason, Hulagü gave great importance to Mardin Castle. That is why Hulagü did not retreat the Mongol army although the siege of Mardin castle lasted about two years. However, when Mardin was ruled by the Artuk ruler Necmeddin Ghazi, who defended Mardin against the Mongols, his son Kara Aslan, who had replaced him, had written with Hulagü to hand over the city to the Mongols and eventually the city was delivered to the Mongols. In contrast, Kara Aslan was given the dominance of Diyarbakır, el-cezire and its surroundings. Thus, the Mongols acquired a strategic ally in all respects, while the Artukids, like the Ilkhanians, gained the support of a state which was the superpower of the period. In this study, we will answer the questions of how and what the Mongols came to Mardin, how they affected the politics and culture of the region and what effect they had on the unity of the region. In addition, we studied that relationship between Ilhanlı and Artuklu, which started with war and conflict, ended with kinship.
The Mongols, who headed westward during the period of Genghis Khan, struck the first blow to the Khwarazm Shahs and opened their way to Iran and the Near East. After Genghis Khan, his grandson Hulagü invaded Maveraünnehir and Iranian territory again in 1250 with an army of five-fifths of all Mongols. He founded Ilhanlı State, the capital city of Tabriz after captured Alamut in 1256. In 1258, he took the siege of Baghdad and abolished the Abbasid state. Thus, Hulagü reached two of his three goals. The third goal of the Mongols was to extend the borders from the Great Ocean to the Mediterranean by eliminating the Mamluks. The Artukids, who dominated Mardin and its environs during this period, had a geography that could serve the Mongols for the above purposes. For this reason, Hulagü gave great importance to Mardin Castle. That is why Hulagü did not retreat the Mongol army although the siege of Mardin castle lasted about two years. However, when Mardin was ruled by the Artuk ruler Necmeddin Ghazi, who defended Mardin against the Mongols, his son Kara Aslan, who had replaced him, had written with Hulagü to hand over the city to the Mongols and eventually the city was delivered to the Mongols. In contrast, Kara Aslan was given the dominance of Diyarbakır, el-cezire and its surroundings. Thus, the Mongols acquired a strategic ally in all respects, while the Artukids, like the Ilkhanians, gained the support of a state which was the superpower of the period. In this study, we will answer the questions of how and what the Mongols came to Mardin, how they affected the politics and culture of the region and what effect they had on the unity of the region. In addition, we studied that relationship between Ilhanlı and Artuklu, which started with war and conflict, ended with kinship.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mardin, Moğollar, İlhanlı, Artuklu, Mongols İlkhanid, Artukids
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
4
Sayı
3
Künye
Gördeğir, E., Özbek, S. (2018). Moğolların Mardin kuşatması ve Hülagü’den Olcaytu’ya İlhanlı - Artuklu münasebetleri. Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi, 4 (3), ss.106-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21551/jhf.483915
