Balkan Savaşları’nda Darülfünunda yaşanan deneyim ve Japonya ile kurulan dostluğun tarihsel tahlili
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Tarih
2021-08-28
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Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
History Studies
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
Osmanlı Devleti birçok yönüyle Doğudan Batıya doğru
evrilirken inşa edilen Darülfünun (1863-1933),
imparatorluktan ulus-devlete geçişte son derece önemli
ipuçları veren bir kurum idi. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Balkan
Savaşları (1912-1913) sırasında okuldaki seferberlik durumu
ortaya konuldu. Balkan devletlerine karşı amansız bir
mücadele verilirken Darülfünun aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilen
organizasyonların Büyük Savaş (1914-1918), Millî Mücadele
(1918-1923) ve Cumhuriyet dönemlerine olan etkilerine
dikkat çekildi. Balkan Savaşları öncesinde düzenlenen
öğrenci mitingleri sayesinde “Müdafaa-i Hukuk” ruhunun
temellerinin atıldığı belirtildi. Savaşın en hararetli zamanında
aydın kadınlar tarafından okulda tertip edilen konferansların,
Türk kadın haklarının gelişiminde bir kırılma anı olduğuna
vurgu yapıldı. Müderris ve öğrencilerin savaşta sivil
örgütlerle eş güdümlü faaliyetlerinin ileriki kuşaklar için ne
tür bir model teşkil ettiği üzerinde duruldu. Dış Türkler ve
Müslümanlardan gelen yardımlar ekseninde ideolojilerin ve
insani duyguların savaşa nasıl tesir ettiğine değinildi.
Rusya’daki Türkler ile Ortadoğu’daki Müslüman toplumların
Osmanlılara doğrudan parasal kaynak temin edemedikleri
zamanlarda dahi başka türlü destek verdiği açıklandı.
Uzakdoğu’da Hindistan, Çin, Malezya, Singapur ve
Endonezya’da yaşayan Müslümanların Osmanlılarla bir
şekilde irtibata geçtiği somut verilerle belgelendi. Ancak
savaş anında Osmanlılara sadece Türk-İslam dünyasından
yardım yapılmadı. Toplum olarak İslam’a saygı duysalar da
Müslüman nüfusunun çok az olduğu Japonya’dan da Türklere
yardım eli uzatıldı. Çalışmada işlenen diğer temel konulardan
biri de Darülfünun merkezinde Balkan Savaşları ile
pekiştirilen Türk-Japon dostluğu oldu. Buradan hareketle
okulun savaşta oldukça ağır koşullarla boğuşurken meydana
getirdiği “etik evren” göz önüne serildi. Darülfünun, Balkan Savaşları’nda Tokyo’daki yükseköğretim gençliğiyle kurulan
diyalogda başat rol oynadı. Böylece Darülfünun bir nevi
sıradan bir eğitim kurumu olmanın ötesine geçtiğini gösterdi.
O dönemde, Uzakdoğu’nun küçük deviyle kurulan ilişkiler
Cumhuriyet Türkiye’sine olumlu şekilde yansıdı.
Darülfünun (1863-1933), which was built while the Ottoman Empire was evolving from the East to the West in many ways, was an institution that gave extremely important clues in the transition from the empire to the nation-state. In this study, first of all, the situation of mobilization in the school during the Balkan Wars was revealed. While a relentless struggle was waged against the Balkan states, the effects of the organizations organized through Darülfünun on the Great War (1914-1918), the National Struggle (1918- 1923) and the Republic periods were noted. It was stated that the foundations of the spirit of "Defense of Law" were laid thanks to the student meetings held before the Balkan Wars (1912-1913). It was emphasized that the conferences organized by intellectual women at the school during the most heated time of the war were a breaking moment in the development of Turkish women's rights. It was focused on what kind of a model constituted for future generations by the coordinated activities of professors and students with civil organizations in the war. On the axis of aid from foreign Turks and Muslims, it was mentioned how ideologies and humanitarian feelings affected the war. It was explained that the Turks in Russia and the Muslim communities in the Middle East even could not provide direct financial resources, they provided other kinds of support to the Ottomans It has been documented with concrete data that Muslims living in India, China, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia in the Far East somehow contacted the Ottomans. However, during the war, the Ottomans were not only helped by the Turkish-Islamic world. Although they respect Islam as a society, a helping hand was extended to the Turks from Japan, where the Muslim population is very small. One of the other main topics covered in the study was the Turkish-Japanese friendship, which was reinforced by the Balkan Wars at the center of the Darülfünun. From this point of view, the "ethical universe" created by the school while struggling with very harsh conditions in the war was revealed. Darülfünun played a leading role in the dialogue with higher education youth in Tokyo during the Balkan Wars. Thus, it showed that Darülfünun went beyond being an ordinary educational institution. The relations established with the small giant of the Far East at those times reflected positively on the Republic of Turkey.
Darülfünun (1863-1933), which was built while the Ottoman Empire was evolving from the East to the West in many ways, was an institution that gave extremely important clues in the transition from the empire to the nation-state. In this study, first of all, the situation of mobilization in the school during the Balkan Wars was revealed. While a relentless struggle was waged against the Balkan states, the effects of the organizations organized through Darülfünun on the Great War (1914-1918), the National Struggle (1918- 1923) and the Republic periods were noted. It was stated that the foundations of the spirit of "Defense of Law" were laid thanks to the student meetings held before the Balkan Wars (1912-1913). It was emphasized that the conferences organized by intellectual women at the school during the most heated time of the war were a breaking moment in the development of Turkish women's rights. It was focused on what kind of a model constituted for future generations by the coordinated activities of professors and students with civil organizations in the war. On the axis of aid from foreign Turks and Muslims, it was mentioned how ideologies and humanitarian feelings affected the war. It was explained that the Turks in Russia and the Muslim communities in the Middle East even could not provide direct financial resources, they provided other kinds of support to the Ottomans It has been documented with concrete data that Muslims living in India, China, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia in the Far East somehow contacted the Ottomans. However, during the war, the Ottomans were not only helped by the Turkish-Islamic world. Although they respect Islam as a society, a helping hand was extended to the Turks from Japan, where the Muslim population is very small. One of the other main topics covered in the study was the Turkish-Japanese friendship, which was reinforced by the Balkan Wars at the center of the Darülfünun. From this point of view, the "ethical universe" created by the school while struggling with very harsh conditions in the war was revealed. Darülfünun played a leading role in the dialogue with higher education youth in Tokyo during the Balkan Wars. Thus, it showed that Darülfünun went beyond being an ordinary educational institution. The relations established with the small giant of the Far East at those times reflected positively on the Republic of Turkey.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Darülfünun, Mitingler, Balkan Savaşları, Uzakdoğu, Meetings, Balkan Wars, Far East
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
13
Sayı
4
Künye
Özteke, F. (2021). Balkan Savaşları’nda Darülfünunda yaşanan deneyim ve Japonya ile kurulan dostluğun tarihsel tahlili. History Studies, 13 (4), ss.1369-1395. DOI: 10.9737/hist.2021.1039
