Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türkiye’de petrol arama çalışmaları (1925-1940)
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2019-03-23
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
1925 yılında Musul Meselesi aleyhine sonuçlanmış olan Türkiye, enerjide dışa olan
bağımlılığını azaltmak için petrol arama çalışmalarına ağırlık vermiştir. Petrol arama
çalışmalarını kendi içerisinde iki dönemde ele almak gereklidir. Birinci dönem; petrol
sahalarının tespiti sürecinin yaşandığı jeolojik etüt çalışmalarıdır. Başlangıçta Lüksemburglu
Dr. Michel Lucius, 1929 yılından sonra ise ABD’de yaşayan mühendis Cevat Eyüp Taşman’ın
Türkiye’ye gelmesi üzerine O’nun öncülüğünde jeolojik etüt çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Etüt
çalışmaları Hükümet adına yapıldığı gibi yerli sermayedarlar ve yabancı şirketler de
Hükümetten aldıkları izin üzerine bu petrol arama çalışmalarına katılmışlardır. Petrol arama
çalışmalarının ilk günlerinde gerek kanuni altyapının bulunmaması gerekse kurumsal birikimin
olmaması nedeniyle bu yöndeki eksiklikler de giderilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Yapılan etüt çalışmaları ve zaman içerisinde petrol arama çalışmalarının kurumsal bir kimlik
kazanması üzerine petrol arama çalışmalarında ikinci dönem başlamıştır. Bu dönemde ise
eldeki veriler eşliğinde petrol bölgesi olduğu düşünülen yerlerde sondaj çalışmaları yapılmıştır.
Dönemin İktisat Vekili Celal Bayar’ın da hazır bulunduğu bir törenle Mardin ili Midyat ilçesi
Basbirin bölgesinde ilk sondaj kuyusu açılmıştır. 13 Ekim 1934 tarihinde başlatılan sondaj
çalışmaları neticesinde Basbirin-1 ismi verilen kuyuda petrol emarelerine rastlanılmışsa da bu
petrolün ekonomik bir değeri olmadığı gerekçesiyle 15 Haziran 1936’da sondaj kuyusu
kapatılmıştır. Basbirin bölgesinden sonra Midyat ilçesindeki Hermis ve Kerbent bölgelerinde
sondaj çalışmalarına devam edilmiştir. Sondaj çalışmalarından sonuç alınamaması üzerine
Türkiye’nin ekonomik değerli ilk petrol kuyularının açılacağı Raman Dağı’nda çalışmaların
devam etmesi kararlaştırılmıştır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı; 1940 yılında Siirt vilayeti Beşiri İlçesi İluh (Batman) nahiyesinde
ekonomik değer teşkil eden ilk petrol kaynakları tespit edilene kadar ki süreçte Türkiye’nin
petrol arama çalışmalarını ortaya koymaktır
Turkey, in 1925, as the Mosul issue resulted against it, in order to reduce its dependence on foreign energy, has focused on oil exploration. It is necessary to consider oil exploration in two different periods. First period was the period in which geological survey of oil fields was performed. Originally, the exploration activities started with Michel Lucius from Luxembourg, but after 1929, continued with Engineer Mr. Cevat Eyüp Taşman who came to Turkey from the United States. New geological survey work has been performed under his leadership. The survey studies have been performed on behalf of the government but it was also possible for local investors and foreign companies to participate in these oil exploration works upon the permission received from the government. Due to the lack of legal infrastructure and corporate know-how during the first days of the oil exploration efforts, such deficiencies have also been tried to be eliminated during the process. As a result of the survey studies made and as the oil exploration work gained an institutional identity, the second period in oil exploration has started. In this period, drilling operations were carried out in the areas where it was thought to contain oil pursuant to the available data. The first borehole was drilled in the Basbirin region of Midyat district of Mardin province with a ceremony with the presence of Celal Bayar who was the Deputy Minister of Economy at the time. As a result of the drilling operations initiated on October 13th, 1934, even though traces of oil were encountered in the well known as Basbirin-1, this borehole was closed on June 15th, 1936, on the grounds that the oil in it had no economic value. After the Basbirin region, drilling operations were continued in the Hermis and Kerbent regions of Midyat. Upon the lack of positive results from these drillings, it was decided to continue the exploration surveys at Mount Raman, which was going to be the region where Turkey's first economically viable oil wells were to be established. The purpose of this study is to reveal the oil exploration attempts of Turkey throughout the process until the first economically viable oil resources were found in İluh (Batman) sub-district of Beşiri district of Siirt province in 1940.
Turkey, in 1925, as the Mosul issue resulted against it, in order to reduce its dependence on foreign energy, has focused on oil exploration. It is necessary to consider oil exploration in two different periods. First period was the period in which geological survey of oil fields was performed. Originally, the exploration activities started with Michel Lucius from Luxembourg, but after 1929, continued with Engineer Mr. Cevat Eyüp Taşman who came to Turkey from the United States. New geological survey work has been performed under his leadership. The survey studies have been performed on behalf of the government but it was also possible for local investors and foreign companies to participate in these oil exploration works upon the permission received from the government. Due to the lack of legal infrastructure and corporate know-how during the first days of the oil exploration efforts, such deficiencies have also been tried to be eliminated during the process. As a result of the survey studies made and as the oil exploration work gained an institutional identity, the second period in oil exploration has started. In this period, drilling operations were carried out in the areas where it was thought to contain oil pursuant to the available data. The first borehole was drilled in the Basbirin region of Midyat district of Mardin province with a ceremony with the presence of Celal Bayar who was the Deputy Minister of Economy at the time. As a result of the drilling operations initiated on October 13th, 1934, even though traces of oil were encountered in the well known as Basbirin-1, this borehole was closed on June 15th, 1936, on the grounds that the oil in it had no economic value. After the Basbirin region, drilling operations were continued in the Hermis and Kerbent regions of Midyat. Upon the lack of positive results from these drillings, it was decided to continue the exploration surveys at Mount Raman, which was going to be the region where Turkey's first economically viable oil wells were to be established. The purpose of this study is to reveal the oil exploration attempts of Turkey throughout the process until the first economically viable oil resources were found in İluh (Batman) sub-district of Beşiri district of Siirt province in 1940.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Petrol, Cevat Eyüp Taşman, Mardin, Basbirin, Hermis, Kerbent
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
İdem, T. (2019). Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türkiye’de petrol arama çalışmaları (1925-1940). 1. Uluslararası Harran Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, 08-10 Mart 2019, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
