XIV. Yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde İlhanlı-Avrupa münasebetleri
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Tarih
2019-10-15
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
IJEPHSS
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
İlhanlı hükümdarları, sınır komşuları olan Memlûk, Altın Orda ve Çağatay devletleri ile aralıksız devam eden çatışmalarının
doğurduğu yalnızlık sonucunda hemen hemen her dönem Avrupa’nın ileri gelen ülke liderleri ve Papalıkla sıkı münasebetler
kurmayı arzulamışlardır. Bu nedenle İlhanlı Devleti Papalık ve Avrupa ülkeleri ile kesintisiz olarak mektuplaşmak suretiyle
bilgi alışverişinde bulunmuştur. İki taraf arasındaki haberleşmelerin ana konusunu ise Memlûklara karşı yapılması planlanan
ortak askerî hareket ve papanın İlhanlı hükümdarlarını Hıristiyan âlemine çekebilme umutları oluşturmaktaydı. Ortak düşman
olarak görülen Memlûk Devleti’nin mevcudiyeti gerek Avrupalı devletler gerek Papalık gerekse İlhanlılar için büyük bir tehdit
oluşturmaktaydı. Fakat iki tarafın karşılıklı bütün görüşme, vaat ve çabaları hiçbir zaman Memlûklara karşı ortak bir harekâta
dönüşmemiş ve İlhanlı-Avrupa ittifakı fiiliyata dökülememiştir. Buna karşılık Memlûklar Haçlıları Ortadoğu’dan tamamen
atmayı başarmışlardır. Ebu Said Bahadır Han döneminden itibaren İlhanlılarda merkezi otorite zayıflamış ve Ebu Said Bahadır
Han’ın ölümüyle birlikte İlhanlı Devleti yıkılmıştır. Memlûklar ise Ortadoğu’da tahakkümlerini uzun süre devam ettirmişlerdir.
Bu çalışmada Olcâytû Han Döneminde İlhanlılar ile Hıristiyan Dünyası arasında gerçekleşen münasebetler incelendi. Bu
kapsamda Olcâytû Han tarafından 1305 ve 1307 yılında Avrupa’ya gönderilen iki mektupta kullanılan üslup ve bu üslupla
verilmek istenen mesajlar değerlendirildi.
The Ilkhanid rulers wanted to establish close relations with prominent European leaders and the Papacy in almost every period as a result of the loneliness caused by the ongoing conflicts with the border neighbors, the Mamluk, the Golden Horde and the Chagatay States. For this reason, uninterrupted correspondence and exchange of information were made with the Pope and European countries. The main subject of the communication between the two sides was the formed joint military movement planned against the Mamluks and the hope of attracting the Ilkhanid rulers to the Christian world by Pope. The existence of the Mamluk State, seen as a common enemy, was seen as a major threat to both the European states and the Papacy and Ilkhanians. But all the mutual talks, promises and efforts of the two sides never turned into a joint operation against the Mamluks and the Ilkhanid-European alliance could not be put into action. On the other hand, the Crusaders during the Mamluk period were completely erased from the Middle East geography and since the time of Abu Said Bahadır Khan, the central authority of the Ilkhanians was weakened and upon the death of Abu Said Bahadır Khan, the Ilkhanid State was destroyed. The Mamluks continued their domination in the Middle East for a long time. In this study, the relations between the Ilkhanians and the Christian World during the Olcaytu Khan Period were examined. In this context, the style used in the two letters sent to Europe in 1305 and 1307 by Olcaytu Han and the messages to be given in this style were discussed.
The Ilkhanid rulers wanted to establish close relations with prominent European leaders and the Papacy in almost every period as a result of the loneliness caused by the ongoing conflicts with the border neighbors, the Mamluk, the Golden Horde and the Chagatay States. For this reason, uninterrupted correspondence and exchange of information were made with the Pope and European countries. The main subject of the communication between the two sides was the formed joint military movement planned against the Mamluks and the hope of attracting the Ilkhanid rulers to the Christian world by Pope. The existence of the Mamluk State, seen as a common enemy, was seen as a major threat to both the European states and the Papacy and Ilkhanians. But all the mutual talks, promises and efforts of the two sides never turned into a joint operation against the Mamluks and the Ilkhanid-European alliance could not be put into action. On the other hand, the Crusaders during the Mamluk period were completely erased from the Middle East geography and since the time of Abu Said Bahadır Khan, the central authority of the Ilkhanians was weakened and upon the death of Abu Said Bahadır Khan, the Ilkhanid State was destroyed. The Mamluks continued their domination in the Middle East for a long time. In this study, the relations between the Ilkhanians and the Christian World during the Olcaytu Khan Period were examined. In this context, the style used in the two letters sent to Europe in 1305 and 1307 by Olcaytu Han and the messages to be given in this style were discussed.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İlhanlılar, Avrupa, Olcâytû, Memlûklar, İlkhanid, European, Oljeitu, Mamluks
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
2
Sayı
4
Künye
Gördeğir, E. (2019). XIV. Yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde İlhanlı-Avrupa münasebetleri. International Journal of Economics, Politics, Humanities & Social Sciences, 2 (4), ss.2015-225.
