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Öğe Atık kızartma yağı metil esterinin bir dizel motorunda motor performansı ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkisinin araştırılması(Fırat Üniversitesi, 2011-05) Aydın, Hüseyin; Behçet, Rasim; Aydın, Selman; İlkılıç, Cumali; Çakmak, AbdülvahapPetrolün sınırlı rezervleri vardır ve gün geçtikçe azalır. Çevre kirliliği ve zararlı yakıtların yanması sonucu ortaya çıkan emisyonlardır. petrol ürünü. Bu alternatif arayışını sürdürür Yukarıda bahsedilen iki temel sorunu çözmek için yakıtlar. Bunda alternatif bir yakıt kaynağı olduğu düşünüldüğünde, atık Yemeklik yağ üretilen biyodizel yakıtı dizel yakıtla karıştırıldı hacimce %25 (B25), %50 (B50) ve %80 (B80) oranlarında ve dizel motorda test edilmiştir. Karışımdan elde edilen test sonuçları yakıtlar, elde edilenlerle karşılaştırılarak sunuldu. dizel yakıt.Öğe Diesel engine applications for evaluation of performance and emission behavior of biodiesel from different oil stocks(Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2015-05) Aydın, Hüseyin; Behçet, Rasim; İlkılıç, Cumali; İşcan, Bahattin; Aydın, SelmanExtensive researches on alternative fuels have been carried out since the fossil-based fuels are limited. Many of these studies have ever been on the usability of vegetable oils in diesel engines. In the current work, biodiesel were produced from waste fish oil (FOB), hazelnut oil (HOB), rapeseed oil (ROB), and waste cooking oil (WCOB) by transesterification method. The same optimized variables of 6:1 methanol/oil molar ratio (mol/mol), 0.4% sodium methoxide concentration (wt.%), 60°C reaction temperature, 1000 rpm agitation speed and 2 h reaction time conditions were performed for biodiesel production from all kinds of above mentioned oils. Some of the important chemical and physical properties of test fuels were found. Without making blends with diesel fuel, pure biodiesels were used in a diesel engine in order to clarify how their usage effects on engine performance and exhaust emission parameters. When compared with those of diesel fuel, average torque and power were reduced while brake specific fuel consumption was increased for biodiesels. Besides, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were considerably lower for biodiesel usage while oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions were higher than that of diesel fuel. Furthermore, emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and smoke opacity were reduced for biodiesel usage. Oxygen (O2) contained in the exhaust gases were higher for biodiesels while they contain more oxygen molecules in their structureÖğe Second Law analysis in concentric heat exchangers with vortex flow generators(Energy Education Science and Technology, 2011) Argunhan, Zeki; Çakmak, Gülşah; Yıldız, Cengiz; Behçet, RasimIn the present study, the experimental results of heat transfer of a concentric tube heat exchanger were analyzed with respect to Second Law of Thermodynamics to reach the geometric optimal design of the heat exchangers. In order to increase the heat transfer, the vortex generators were placed in the entrance of the inner pipe of the heat exchanger. These vortex generators are 60 mm in diameter having six angled (55°, 65°, 75°, 90°) winglets. The winglets have one rectangular slot in each and are 2×7 mm in dimensions. Experiments were carried out with different Reynolds Numbers. Air as hot fluid and water as cold fluid were passed through the inner pipe and outer pipe of the concentric tube heat exchanger, respectively. The variations of the efficiency and Entropy Generation Number with respect to Reynolds Number are shown in graphics, and the results were discussed.Öğe Effects of fuels produced from fish and cooking oils on performance and emissions of a diesel engine(Elsevier, 2014-07-15) Oktay, Hasan; Yumrutaş, Recep; Behçet, RasimIn this study, two fuels called as FOME (Fish Oil Methyl Ester) and COME (Cooking Oil Methyl Ester) were produced from waste fish and cooking oils using the transesterification method. Commercial D2 (Diesel fuel) and two fuel samples obtained by blending the FOME and COME with the D2 with a ratio of 25% on volume basis were used as fuels in a Diesel test engine. An experimental study was performed for investigating the performance and exhaust emissions of the Diesel engine using the fuels. According to the test results, it was observed that the fish oil based fuel indicated better performance and exhaust emission parameters than those of cooking oil. Results clearly showed that the engine power and torque values were lower than those of the Diesel fuel with values of 3.05% and 1.25% for FB25, and 4.07% and 2.2% for CB25, respectively. Also, brake specific fuel consumption for the produced fuels increased up to 5.69% compared to Diesel fuel. However, HC and CO emission reductions compared to the Diesel fuel were found to be around 16.24% and 19.81%, respectively. But, the amount of increase in NOx emissions for the same biodiesel fuels reached up to 17.2%.Öğe The effect of rotary type turbulator placed in entrance of heat exchanger on heat transfer and frictional loss(Energy Education Science and Technology, 2011) Argunhan, Zeki; Behçet, Rasim; Yakut, Ali KemalIn this study, improving heat transfer in heat exchangers with paralel flow is gained by using swirl flow. For this purpose, a propeller type of turbulator was placed in the entrance of interior pipe of heat exchanger with paralel flow and the effect of turbulator on the heat transfer and friction losses in steady conditions was experimentally investigated. The effect of production of turbulance for improvement of heat transfer in interior pipe flows and the effects of turbulator on heat transfer and pressure drop are experimentally researched by placing a propeller type of turbulator at the entrance of heat exchanger to produce swirl air flow. In experiment setup, water was used as the fluid on which the heat was transferred and air was used as the fluid from which heat was transferred to the water. By usage of datas obtained from experimental measurements were calculated for Reynolds number ranging from 8000 to 24000 necessary relationships effet on heat transfer and pressure drop. In comparison with empty pipe it was seen that the heat transfer increased at range between 25,5%- 50,3% and the friction losses increased 5 times. Besides, by analyzing the system exergy, the dependence of non-dimensional exergy loss on Reynolds number was drawn to investigate whether this improvement technique is advantageous thermodynamically or not. When comparing the exergy losses in empty pipe and the pipe with a turbulator at approximately same Reynolds numbers, it was seen that exergy loss is 15% higher for empty pipe than that for the pipe with the turbulator. As a result of that information, the improvement technique was proved to be advantageous in thermodynamic manner too. By the usage of turbulator that results in the partial recovery of loss energy, it was proven that the improvement technique was thermodynamically advantageousÖğe Isı değiştiricisine yerleştirilen pervane tipi türbülatörün ısı transferi üzerindeki etkisi(Karabük Üniversitesi, 2009) Aydın, Hüseyin; İlkılıç, Cumali; Behçet, RasimÖğe Comparison of exhaust emissions of biodiesel–diesel fuel blends produced from animal fats(Journals & Books, 2015-06) Aydın, Hüseyin; Behçet, Rasim; Oktay, Hasan; Çakmak, AbdülvahapThe present paper examines two biodiesels named as fish oil methyl ester (FOME) and chicken oil methyl ester (CFME) produced from low-cost waste fish and chicken oils using the transesterification method, and their fuel properties were compared to EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 biodiesel standards. Then, each methyl esters were blended with the commercial diesel fuel (D2) with a ratio of 20% on volume basis, respectively and two fuel samples named as FOB20 (20% Fish Oil Methyl Ester and 80% D2 fuel) and CFB20 (20% chicken oil methyl ester and 80% D2 fuel) were obtained. An experimental study for investigating the effects of the blended fuels on engine performance and its exhaust emissions was performed by using a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection and air-cooled diesel engine at different speeds under full load. According to the test results, it was observed that the brake power, torque values and the carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations of blended fuels decreased while the NOx concentration and brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) values increased compared to diesel fuel.Öğe Biodiesel from safflower oil and its application in a diesel engine(Journals & Books, 2011-03) İlkılıç, Cumali; Aydın, Selman; Behçet, Rasim; Aydın, HüseyinSafflower seed oil was chemically treated by the transesterification reaction in methyl alcohol environment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce biodiesel. The produced biodiesel was blended with diesel fuel by 5% (B5), 20% (B20) and 50% (B50) volumetrically. Some of important physical and chemical fuel properties of blend fuels, pure biodiesel and diesel fuel were determined. Performance and emission tests were carried out on a single cylinder diesel engine to compare biodiesel blends with petroleum diesel fuel. Average performance reductions were found as 2.2%, 6.3% and 11.2% for B5, B20 and B50 fuels, respectively, in comparison to diesel fuel. These reductions are low and can be compensated by a slight increase in brake specific fuel consumption (Bsfc). For blends, Bsfcs were increased by 2.8%, 3.9% and 7.8% as average for B5, B20 and B50, respectively. Considerable reductions were recorded in PM and smoke emissions with the use of biodiesel. CO emissions also decreased for biodiesel blends while NOx and HC emissions increased. But the increases in HC emissions can be neglected as they have very low amounts for all test fuels. It can be concluded that the use of safflower oil biodiesel has beneficial effects both in terms of emission reductions and alternative petroleum diesel fuel.
