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Öğe Biodiesel production from inedible animal tallow and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine(Elsevier, 2009-02-15) Altun, Şehmus; Öner, CengizIn this study, a substitute fuel for diesel engines was produced from inedible animal tallow and its usability was investigated as pure biodiesel and its blends with petroleum diesel fuel in a diesel engine. Tallow methyl ester as biodiesel fuel was prepared by base-catalyzed transesterification of the fat with methanol in the presence of NaOH as catalyst. Fuel properties of methyl ester, diesel fuel and blends of them (5%, 20% and 50% by volume) were determined. Viscosity and density of fatty acid methyl ester have been found to meet ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 specifications. Viscosity and density of tallow methyl esters are found to be very close to that of diesel. The calorific value of biodiesel is found to be slightly lower than that of diesel. An experimental study was carried out in order to investigate of its usability as alternative fuel of tallow methyl ester in a direct injection diesel engine. It was observed that the addition of biodiesel to the diesel fuel decreases the effective efficiency of engine and increases the specific fuel consumption. This is due to the lower heating value of biodiesel compared to diesel fuel. However, the effective engine power was comparable by biodiesel compared with diesel fuel. Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and smoke opacity were reduced around 15%, 38.5%, 72.7% and 56.8%, respectively, in case of tallow methyl esters (B100) compared to diesel fuel. Besides, the lowest CO, NOx emissions and the highest exhaust temperature were obtained for B20 among all other fuels. The reductions in exhaust emissions made tallow methyl esters and its blends, especially B20 a suitable alternative fuel for diesel and thus could help in controlling air pollution. Based on this study, animal tallow methyl esters and its blends with petroleum diesel fuel can be used a substitute for diesel in direct injection diesel engines without any engine modification.Öğe The comparison of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of sesame oil-diesel fuel mixture with diesel fuel in a direct injection diesel engine(Elsevier, 2008-01-09) Altun, Şehmus; Bulut, Hüsamettin; Öner, CengizThe use of vegetable oils as a fuel in diesel engines causes some problems due to their high viscosity compared with conventional diesel fuel. Various techniques and methods are used to solve the problems resulting from high viscosity. One of these techniques is fuel blending. In this study, a blend of 50% sesame oil and 50% diesel fuel was used as an alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated and compared with the ordinary diesel fuel in a diesel engine. The experimental results show that the engine power and torque of the mixture of sesame oil-diesel fuel are close to the values obtained from diesel fuel and the amounts of exhaust emissions are lower than those of diesel fuel. Hence, it is seen that blend of sesame oil and diesel fuel can be used as an alternative fuel successfully in a diesel engine without any modification and also it is an environmental friendly fuel in terms of emission parameters.Öğe Combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel power generator fueled with biodiesel-kerosene and biodiesel-kerosene-diesel blends(Elsevier, 2017-02-05) Bayındır, Hasan; Işık, Mehmet Zerrakki; Argunhan, Zeki; Yücel, Halit Lütfi; Aydın, HüseyinHigh percentages of biodiesel blends or neat biodiesel cannot be used in diesel engines due to high density and viscosity, and poor atomization properties that lead to some engine operational problems. Biodiesel was produced from canola oil by transesterification process. Test fuels were prepared by blending 80% of the biodiesel with 20% of kerosene (B80&K20) and 80% of the biodiesel with 10% of kerosene and 10% diesel fuel (B80&K10&D10). Fuels were used in a 4 cylinders diesel engine that was loaded with a generator. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the blend fuels and D2 in the diesel engine for certain loads of 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 kW output power and 1500 rpm constant engine speed were experimented and deeply analyzed. It was found that kerosene contained blends had quite similar combustion characteristics with those of D2. Mass fuel consumption and Bscf were slightly increased for blend fuels. HC emissions slightly increased while NOx emissions considerably reduced for blends. It was resulted that high percentages of biodiesel can be a potential substitute for diesel fuel provided that it is used as blending fuel with certain amounts of kerosene.Öğe Combined effects of thermal barrier coating and blending with diesel fuel on usability of vegetable oils in diesel engines(Elsevier, 2013) Aydın, HüseyinThe possibility of using pure vegetable oils in a thermally insulated diesel engine has been experimentally investigated. Initially, the standard diesel fuel was tested in the engine, as base experiment for comparison. Then the engine was thermally insulated by coating some parts of it, such as piston, exhaust and intake valves surfaces with zirconium oxide (ZrO2). The main purpose of engine coating was to reduce heat rejection from the walls of combustion chamber and to increase thermal efficiency and thus to increase performance of the engine that using vegetable oil blends. Another aim of the study was to improve the usability of pure vegetable oils in diesel engines without performing any fuel treatments such as pyrolysis, emulsification and transesterification. Pure inedible cottonseed oil and sunflower oil were blended with diesel fuel. Blends and diesel fuel were then tested in the coated diesel engine. Experimental results proved that the main purpose of this study was achieved as the engine performance parameters such as power and torque were increased with simultaneous decrease in fuel consumption (bsfc). Furthermore, exhaust emission parameters such as CO, HC, and Smoke opacity were decreased. Also, sunflower oil blends presented better performance and emission parameters than cottonseed oil blends.Öğe Investigation of the usability of biodiesel obtained from residual frying oil in a diesel engine with thermal barrier coating(Journals & Books, 2015-04-05) Aydın, Hüseyin; Sayın, Cenk; Aydın, SelmanIn this study, biofuel was produced from residual frying oil of cottonseed and D2, B5 and B100 fuels were prepared in order to use in experiments. These fuels were tested in a single cylinder, four strokes, 3 LD 510 model Lombardini CI engine. Then the top surfaces of the piston and valves were coated with plasma spray coating method by using 100 μm of NiCrAl as lining layer and over this layer the same surfaces were coated with 400 μm of the mixture that consists of %88 ZrO2, %4 MgO and %8 Al2O3. After the coating process, above mentioned fuels were tested in the coated engine. Previously, same fuels had been tested in uncoated engine, at full load and various speeds. Performance, emission and combustion experiments were carried out in coated engine. By coating process, partial increases were observed in power, exhaust manifold temperature and engine noise, while partial decreases were seen in brake specific fuel consumption (Bsfc). Besides, partial reductions were found in carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke opacity emissions, but partial increases were observed in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Cylinder gas pressure values were higher for coated engine. Moreover, heat releases were close to each other in both engines.Öğe An analysis of biodiesel requirement, production and policies in Turkey(e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 2008-02-01) Aydın, Hüseyin; Bayındır, HasanThe development of alternative fuels from renewable resources, like biomass, has gained considerable attention in recent years. A biodiesel program would give many benefits in terms of generation of employment for poor/rural people, farmers, accelerate of starting many type of industries for developing countries like Turkey. This paper investigates current status of biodiesel in Turkey, advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel in diesel engines, annual diesel fuel consumption, import and export ratings and annual diesel fuel demand. The main focus of this paper is on Turkey’s current fuel status and to clarify Turkey’s biodiesel demand as alternative to fossil diesel fuel. Results show that Turkey is highly in need of alternative energies such as bio-fuels. That’s way it is recommended that Turkey should promote oilseed crops farming to the rise production of biodiesel.Öğe Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine(Elsevier, 2010-03) Aydın, Hüseyin; Bayındır, HasanIn this study, performance and emissions of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine was experimentally investigated. For the study, cottonseed oil methyl ester (CSOME) was added to diesel fuel, numbered D2, by volume of 5%(B5), 20%(B20), 50%(B50) and 75%(B75) as well as pure CSOME (B100). Fuels were tested in a single cylinder, direct injection, air cooled diesel engine. The effects of CSOME-diesel blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions were examined at various engine speeds and full loaded engine. The effect of B5, B20, B50, B75, B100 and D2 on the engine power, engine torque, bsfc's and exhaust gasses temperature were clarified by the performance tests. The influences of blends on CO, NOx, SO2 and smoke opacity were investigated by emission tests. The experimental results showed that the use of the lower blends (B5) slightly increases the engine torque at medium and higher speeds in compression ignition engines. However, there were no significant differences in performance values of B5, B20 and diesel fuel. Also with the increase of the biodiesel in blends, the exhaust emissions were reduced. The experimental results showed that the lower contents of CSOME in the blends can partially be substituted for the diesel fuel without any modifications in diesel engines.Öğe Performance and emission evaluation of a CI engine fueled with preheated raw rapeseed oil (RRO)–diesel blends(Journals & Books, 2010-03) Aydın, Hüseyin; Hanbey, HazarMany studies are still being carried out to find out surplus information about how vegetable based oils can efficiently be used in compression ignition engines. Raw rapeseed oil (RRO) was used as blended with diesel fuel (DF) by 50% oil–50% diesel fuel in volume (O50) also as blended with diesel fuel by 20% oil–80% diesel fuel in volume (O20). The test fuels were used in a single cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated, direct injection compression ignition engine. The effects of fuel preheating to 100 °C on the engine performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with rapeseed oil diesel blends were clarified. Results showed that preheating of RRO was lowered RRO’s viscosity and provided smooth fuel flow Heating is necessary for smooth flow and to avoid fuel filter clogging. It can be achieved by heating RRO to 100 °C. It can also be concluded that preheating of the fuel have some positive effects on engine performance and emissions when operating with vegetable oil.Öğe Farklı tozlarla yanma odası yüzeyleri termal yalıtılmış bir dizel motorunda biyoyakıt kullanımının yalıtım malzemesi ve motor parçaları üzerindeki etkileri(Batman Üniversitesi, 2016) Aydın, Selman; Sayın, Cenk; Kılıç, MusaBu çalışmada, plazma püskürtme yöntemiyle farklı tozlarla yanma odası yüzeyi yalıtılmış bir dizel motorunda, uzun bir çalışmadan sonra kaplama tabakasının mikroyapı analizi ve çalışma performansına etkileri incelenmiştir. İlk önce motorun yanma odasına bakan piston ve supaplarının alın yüzeyleri, motorun sıkıştırma oranı değişmeyecek şekilde, plazma sprey yöntemi ile 100 μm kadar NiCrAl astar tabaka ve bu tabakanın üzerine 400 μm olmak üzere %88 ZrO2, %4 MgO ve %8 Al2O3 ana kaplama malzemesi ile kaplanmıştır. Daha sonra yalıtılmış bu dizel motorda 1800 d/d’da ve biyoyakıt ile uzun süre çalıştırılarak biyoyakıtın motor parçaları ve termal bariyerle kaplanmış malzeme üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, yanma odası parçalarının plazma püskürtme yöntemi ile kaplanabilirliği, piston ve supapların verimliliğini arttırabildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, makroyapı ve SEM (Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu) incelemeleri sonucunda tabakalar arası bağlanmanın iyi bir şekilde gerçekleştiği, kaplama tabakasında hiçbir gözenek ve çatlak gibi süreksizlerin oluşmadığı görülmüştür.Öğe Bir dizel motorda hint yağı biyodizeli ve dietil eter kullanımının motor performansına ve emisyonlara etkisinin araştırılması(Batman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2017-12-27) Azi, Hüseyin; İşcan, BahattinEnerjiye duyulan ihtiyaç, dünyadaki hızlı nüfus artışı ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak artmaktadır. Motorlu taşıtlardan kaynaklanan zararlı emisyonların önemli bir çevre sorunu haline gelmesi, kullanılan enerji rezervlerin yakın bir tarihte (2050) bitecek olması araştırmacıları alternatif yakıtlara yöneltmiştir. Alkoller, yağlardan elde edilen biyodizel yakıtı alternatif dizel yakıtları olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada dietil eter ilaveli hint yağı biyodizeli hacimsel olarak farklı oranlarda dizel yakıtı ile karıştırılarak dizel motorunda analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Transesterifikasyon yöntemiyle hint yağından biyodizel elde edilmiş ve dietil eter ile hacimce %10 ve %20 oranında karışımlar hazırlanmıştır. D100, B100, D50B50, B90DEE10, B80DEE20, D45B45DEE10 ve D40B40DEE20 (%40 dizel, %40 biyodizel ve %20 dietil eter) içerdikleri yakıt oranlarına göre isimlendirilmiştir. Deneyler dört zamanlı, üç silindirli bir dizel motorunda sabit devirde ve değişken (boşta-3kw-5kw-7kw) yük şartlarında yapılmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışma sonucunda bu yakıtların kullanımından emisyon ve performans paremetlerindeki değişimler ortaya konulmuştur. Deneysel sonuçlara göre; dizel yakıtına oranla (analizler için referans yakıtı dizel yakıttır) tüm yüklerde özgül yakıt tüketimi%5,4 ile %29,4 oranları arasında artmıştır, ısıl verimi en yüksek yakıt hint yağı biyodizeli olmuştur, %0,3 ve %1,7 arasında değişen bir iyileşme gerçekleşmiştir. Egzoz gazı sıcaklığında düşüşler gerçekleşmiştir, kütlesel yakıt tüketimi %5,4 ile %29,3oranları arasında artmıştır. CO emisyonları yüksek çıkmıştır, CO2 emisyonları birbirine yakın değerler vermiştir. HC emisyonları artmıştır, yük arttıkça yüksek olan duman emisyonları azalmıştır. Yük arttıkça NOxemisyon değerleri artmıştır.
