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Öğe Farklı kesme parametreleri ve MQL debilerinde elde edilen deneysel değerlerin S/N oranları ve YSA ile analizi(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2021-09-21) Gürbüz, Hüseyin; Gönülaçar, Yunus EmreBu çalışmada, AISI 4140 çeliğinin tornalanması işleminde kesme hızı, ilerleme oranı ve MQL debisinin esas kesme kuvvetleri (Fc) ve ortalama yüzey pürüzlülüğüne (Ra) etkisi hem deneysel hem de istatiksel olarak incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda deney sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesinde sinyal/gürültü (S/N) oranları ve yapay sinir ağları (YSA) kullanılmıştır. İşleme deneylerinde, kesme parametreleri olarak üç farklı kesme hızı (75, 100, 125 m/dk), üç farklı ilerleme oranı (0,16 - 0,25 – 0,5 mm/dev), üç farklı MQL debisi (0,35 - 0,8 - 1,7 ml/dk) ve sabit kesme derinliği (2,5 mm) seçilmiştir. İşleme deneylerinde MQL debi artışının Fc üzerinde Ra’ya göre daha etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca tüm MQL debi uygulamalarında hem Fc hem de Ra’nın ilerleme oranı ile arttığı ve kesme hızı ile genel olarak azaldığı görülmüştür. Fc ve Ra için S/N oranları ve YSA ile elde edilen R2 değerleri R2 S/N(Fc)= 0,9996, R2 S/N(Ra)= 0,9984, R2 YSA(Fc)=0,9990 ve R2 YSA(Ra)=0,9884 bulunmuştur. S/N oranlarına göre Fc ve Ra üzerindeki en etkili kontrol faktörlerinin sırasıyla; ilerleme oranı, kesme hızı ve MQL debi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen regresyon değerlerine bağlı olarak S/N oranlarının ve YSA’nın deneysel verileri yüksek güven aralığında tahmin etmede geçerli olduğu tespit edilmiştirÖğe Milling Inconel 718 workpiece with cryogenically treated and untreated cutting tools(SpringerLink, 2021-07-17) Gürbüz, Hüseyin; Baday, ŞehmusAlthough Inconel 718 is an important material for modern aircraft and aerospace, it is a kind material, which is known to have low machinability. Especially, while these types of materials are machined, high cutting temperatures, BUE on cutting tool, high cutting forces, and work hardening occur. Therefore, in recent years, instead of producing new cutting tools that can withstand these difficult conditions, cryogenic process, which is a heat treatment method to increase the wear resistance and hardness of the cutting tool, has been applied. In this experimental study, feed force, surface roughness, vibration, cutting tool wear, hardness, and abrasive wear values that occurred as a result of milling of Inconel 718 material by means of cryogenically treated and untreated cutting tools were investigated. Three different cutting speeds (35-45-55 m/min) and three different feed rates (0.02- 0.03-0.04 mm/tooth) at constant depth of cut (0.2 mm) were used as cutting parameters in the experiments. As a result of the experiments, lower feed forces, surface roughness, vibration, and cutting tool wear were obtained with cryogenically treated cutting tools. As the feed rate and cutting speed were increased, it was seen that surface roughness, vibration, and feed force values increased. At the end of the experiments, it was established that there was a significant relation between vibration and surface roughness. However, there appeared an inverse proportion between abrasive wear and hardness values. While BUE did not occur during cryogenically treated cutting tools, it was observed that BUE occurred in cutting tools which were not cryogenically treated. Also, in this study, the statistical validity of the experimental values was tested with the help of secondorder equations and analyses of variance (ANOVA). R2 values obtained as 99.14%, 99.76%, and 97.98% for vibration, surface roughness, and feed force values were modeled statistically with the help of second-order equations, respectively.Öğe AISI 316L çeliğinin işlenmesinde kesici takım kesici kenar formu ve talaş kırıcı formlarının kesme kuvvetleri ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisi(Batman Üniversitesi, 2012-06-01) Gürbüz, Hüseyin; Şeker, Ulvi; Kafkas, FıratBu çalışmada, kesici takım kesici kenar formu ve talaş kırıcı formlarının, talaş kaldırmayla oluşan kesme kuvvetlerine ve yüzey pürüzlülüğüne etkisi deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Deneylerde AISI 316L paslanmaz çelik malzemesi için ISO 3685’e uygun 75° yanaşma açısına sahip SNMG 120408 formunda, CVD kaplı (M25) kalitesinde sementit karbür kesici takımlar ile buna uygun PSBNR 2525M12 formunda takım tutucu kullanılmıştır. Üç farklı talaş kırıcı ve kesici kenar formu (MR-MM-QM) için de kesme derinliği ve ilerleme değeri arttığında kesme kuvvetlerinin arttığı, buna karşın kesme hızındaki artışla birlikte kesme kuvvetlerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Genellikle en yüksek kesme kuvvetleri ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerleri MR talaş kırıcı formunda, en düşük kesme kuvvetleri ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerleri QM talaş kırıcı formunda elde edilmiştir. MR-MM-QM talaş kırıcı ve kesici kenar formu için, kesme hızındaki artışa bağlı olarak yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerlerinin düştüğü, fakat kesme derinliği ve ilerlemedeki artışla birlikte yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerlerinin artığı görülmüştürÖğe CNC takım tezgahlarında ayna ve punta basıncının talaşlı imalat parametrelerine etkisinin yüzey yanıt yöntemiyle değerlendirilmesi(Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, 2021-03-21) Gürbüz, Hüseyin; Baday, Şehmus; Sönmez, FikretBu çalışmada silindirik parçaların CNC torna tezgâhına bağlanmasında kullanılan ayna ve punta bağlama mekanizmalarının sıkma basıncı değişimini incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, sabit kesme parametrelerinde üç farklı ayna ve punta basıncı ile iş parçası yüzeyinden talaş kaldırılmıştır. Bu işlemin ardından titreşim genliği incelenmiş ve yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri ölçülmüştür. Yapılan ölçümlerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzey yanıt yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu istatiksel yöntem ile yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerlendirilmiş, deney setinin en etkin parametresinin ayna basıncı olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca model ile deney sonuçlarının tahmin yeteneği araştırılmıştır. Tüm yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri sırası ile sisteme girilmeden tahmin edilmiş ve deneysel sonuçların tahmin sonuçları ile ortalama %94,2 oranında benzeştiği görülmüştür. Titreşim genliğinin araştırılması için de yüzey yanıt yöntemi ile model oluşturulmuştur. Bununla birlikte titreşim genliği bu yöntem ile çözümlenememiştir.Öğe Modelling of effects of various chip breaker forms on surface roughness in turning operations by utilizing artificial neural networks(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2016-03-01) Gürbüz, Hüseyin; Baday, Şehmus; Sözen, AdnanIn this study, the effects of different chip breaker forms and cutting parameters on the surface roughness on machined surfaces were investigated experimentally in turning of AISI 1050 steel; and values of surface roughness obtained from experiments were determined with empirical equations using artificial neural networks. The utilizing of ANN was offered to determine the surface roughness depending on chip breaker forms and cutting parameters of AISI 1050 steel. The back propagation learning algorithm and fermi transfer function were used in artificial neural network. Experimental measurements data were employed as training and test data in order to train the neural network created. The best fitting training data set was attained with ten neurons in two hidden layers 6 of which were at first hidden layer and 4 of which were at second hidden layer, making it possible to predict surface roughness with precision at least as good as that of the experimental error over the entire experimental range. After network training, R2 value was found as 0.978, and average error as 0.018%. When the results of mathematical modelling are examined, the computed surface roughness is observed to be apparently within acceptable valuesÖğe Investigation of effects of different cutting and machining parameters on surface roughness and main cutting forces via response surface method(European Journal of Technique (EJT), 2020-12-30) Gürbüz, Hüseyin; Gönülaçar, Yunus EmreIn this study, the effects of cutting speed, feed rate and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), frequently employed in machining applications, on main cutting force (Fc) and average surface roughness (Ra), resulting from turning AISI 4140, were investigated. For this purpose, analyses for Fc and Ra were performed utilizing Box-Behnken model. By using experimental parameters, the efficiency and the changes of the parameters on Fc and Ra were examined with the help of 13 experiments. In addition, the effectiveness of design models was investigated by creating different design models. The high success rate modelling for Fc and Ra was realized with 99% success as a result of analyses conducted according to Box-Behnken methods (BoxBehnken, Box-Behnken-Stepwise, Box-Behnken-Backward and BoxBehnken-Forward). The most effective parameter on Fc and Ra was found to be the feed rate according to analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was demonstrated that the estimations on the created Box-Behnken model were quite successful on the data initially entered into the system; and that R2 values obtained for Fc and Ra were 0.999 and 0.996, respectively. It was determined that optimum parameters for Fc were feed rate 0.25 mm/rev, cutting speed 125 m/min and cutting condition MQL2 ml/min, while they were feed rate 0.25 mm/rev, cutting speed 125 m/min and cutting condition MQL1 ml/min for Ra.Öğe Mathematical modelling and optimization of cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness by using artificial neural network and response surface methodology in milling of Ti-6242S(Applied Sciences-Basel, 2017-10-15) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Yardımeden, AhmetIn this paper, an experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of different cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on cutting force, surface roughness, and tool wear in the milling of Ti-6242S alloy using the cemented carbide (WC) end mills with a 10 mm diameter. Data obtained from experiments were defined both Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). ANN trained network using Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and weights were trained. On the other hand, the mathematical models in RSM were created applying Box Behnken design. Values obtained from the ANN and the RSM was found to be very close to the data obtained from experimental studies. The lowest cutting force and surface roughness were obtained at high cutting speeds and low feed rate and depth of cut. The minimum tool wear was obtained at low cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut.Öğe Investigation of experimental study of end milling of CFRP composite(De Gruyter, 2013-12-12) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Yardımeden, AhmetCarbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are materials that are difficult to machine due to the anisotropic and heterogeneous properties of the material and poor surface quality, which can be seen during the machining process. The machining of these materials causes delamination and surface roughness owing to excessive cutting forces. This causes the material not to be used. The reduction of damage and surface roughness is an important aspect for product quality. Therefore, the experimental study carried out on milling of CFRP composite material is of great importance. End milling tests were performed at CNC milling vertical machining center. In the experiments, parameters considered for the end milling of CFRP were cutting speed, feed rate, and flute number of end mill. The results showed that damage, surface roughness, and cutting forces were affected by cutting parameters and flute number of end mill. The best machining conditions were achieved at low feed rate and four-flute end mill.Öğe Effect of MQL flow rate on machinability of AISI 4140 steel(Taylor & Francis, 2020-06-27) Gürbüz, Hüseyin; Gönülaçar, Yunus Emre; Baday, ŞehmusMany studies were performed about the influence of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique on cutting performance in the literature, but there is no paper examining the effect of different MQL flow rates and cutting parameters on machinability of AISI 4140 material as a whole. In this study, the effects of different MQL flow rates and cutting parameters on surface roughness, main cutting force and cutting tool flank wear (VB), with great importance among the machinability criteria, and forming as a result of the machining of AISI 4140, were revealed. At the end of the experiments, it was determined that rise of flow rate affected main cutting forces positively to a certain extent; yet, it exhibited no significant effect on surface roughness, but reduced VB. Also, it was observed that both main cutting force and surface roughness increased with the increase of feed, while generally decreased with the increase of cutting speed. It was seen that flank wear was positively affected by the increase in flow rate; and this decreased with the increase in flow rate. R2 values obtained as 99.8% and 99.9% for main cutting forces and surface roughness values modeled statistically with the help of quadratic equations, respectively.Öğe Investigation of mechanical characteristics of GFRP composites produced from chopped glass fber and application of taguchi methods to turning operations(SpringerLink, 2020-04-08) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Türkan, CihatGlass fber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites take place in engineering materials owing to their low-weight and high-mechanical properties. In some cases, they need to be shaped by machining before using in industrial applications. However, when these composites are machined, many problems such as bad surface quality, rapid tool wear are encountered. Therefore, optimization of cutting parameters is essential to eliminate or minimize these problems. In this study, GFRP composites were produced by combining polyester matrix material with glass fbers (GF) having 6 mm, 6–12 mm, 12 mm fber length, and 20%, 25%, 30% fber ratio by weight. The tensile strengths of these composites were investigated. Turning tests were also performed with cutting speeds of 40, 80, and 120 m/min, feed rates of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 1, 2, and 3 mm, according to Taguchi L27 standard orthogonal array method. The efect of fber length and ratio, and cutting parameters on cutting forces and surface roughness were analyzed. As a result of the experiments, it was observed that the reinforced polymer matrix with GF provide to increase the tensile strength. The highest tensile strength was obtained as 55.95 MPa from the composite having a fber length of 12 mm and a fber ratio of 25%. Besides, the feed rate was determined as the most efective parameter among the all parameters on both cutting force and surface roughness. Therefore, the feed rate should be chosen low for lower cutting force and surface roughness values.
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