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Öğe Effects of ethanol addition to biodiesel fuels derived from cottonseed oil and its cooking waste as fuel in a generator diesel engine(Taylor & Francis, 2020-03) Karakaya, HakanExploration of energy sources such as renewable and non-edible vegetable oils has been continued during the recent two decades of 2000s. Cottonseed oil is a non-edible, abundant oil and is generally used as cooking oil. In the present study, the usability of biodiesel derived from both cottonseed oil and its cooking wastes was investigated by blending them with ULSD or ethanol in 50 percentages. B50, WB50, B50E50 and WB50E50, biodiesel and ethanol-contained fuels and ULSD were prepared for experiments. Combustion, performance, and emissions tests were conducted on a diesel engine used for power-producing electrical generator. In the combustion tests, cylinder pressure, HRR, CHR, MGT, and MFB were analyzed while MFC, BSFC, exhaust manifold temperature, and thermal efficiency were obtained in the performance tests. In the emissions tests, CO, HC, and NOx emissions were measured and compared with the results of ULSD. Combustion and performance findings of ULSD contained biodiesel blends were found more similar to those of ULSD. The duration of combustion stage can clearly be seen to be narrowed for ethanol-contained blend because of the rabid combustion characteristics of ethanol. Besides, the peak of HRR was found 10% higher for B50E50 while it was found averagely 8% for WB50E50 blends. NOx emissions were found 48% lower averagely for ethanol contained biodiesel blends that it is the most important finding of ethanol using with biodiesel. Besides, HC emissions were also found about 75% for biodiesel contained diesel fuel blends.Öğe The effects of λ and ε on engine performance and exhaust emissions using ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends in an SI engine(Taylor & Francis, 2011-01) Bayındır, Hasan; Yücesu, Hüseyin Serdar; Aydın, HüseyinIn this study, the effect of relative air-fuel ratio (λ) and compression ratio (ε) on engine performance and exhaust emissions was experimentally investigated. The experiments were performed by varying ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends as E0 (100% unleaded gasoline), E10 (10% ethanol and 90% gasoline blend), E30 (30% ethanol and 70% gasoline blend), and E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline blend). In experiments, first the effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions at 0.931, 1, and 1.069 λ values were clarified. Second, tests were carried out with compression ratios of 7:1, 9:1, and 11:1. The results indicated that the relative air-fuel ratio and ethanol content play an important role in reducing CO (carbon monoxide emissions) and HC (hydrocarbon) emissions. Results also showed that the engine power was slightly decreased, especially at higher engine speeds. A probable knocking phenomenon did not occur with the increase of compression ratio because of a higher octane number of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends.Öğe Comparison of methanol, ethanol, or n-butanol blending with unleaded gasoline on exhaust emissions of an SI engine(Taylor & Francis, 2014-03-18) Altun, Şehmus; Varol, Yasin; Öner, Cengiz; Öztop, Hakan FehmiAir pollution is becoming a serious problem in many urban cities of the world and it can have a serious effect on both health and the environment. Although experimental studies have shown that alcohol fuels burn cleaner than unleaded gasoline and produce lesser emission, there is limited information regarding the comparison among the alcohol fuels as gasoline additive in spark-ignited engines. Therefore, a comparison has been performed in this experimental work on the exhaust emissions of a spark-ignited engine when operating on a blend of methanol, ethanol, or n-butanol with unleaded gasoline. Methanol, ethanol and n-butanol were added to unleaded gasoline by mass percent of 10% (denoted as M10, E10 and Bu10, respectively), and then tested in a four cylinder, four strokes spark-ignited engine. Although the experimental results show little differences in exhaust emissions between M10, E10, and Bu10, compared with Bu10, M10 and E10 have lower carbon monoxide emission and higher fuel consumption, hydrocarbon, and CO2 emission. Compared with unleaded gasoline, blended fuels containing different alcohols appear to have a lower carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and a higher fuel consumption rate and CO2 emissions.
