27 Mayıs Askeri Darbesi’nin sancıları ve orduda tasfiyeler 1960-1964
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Tarih
2016-06
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Türk-İslam Medeniyeti Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
Türk siyasal hayatında iktidarı ele geçirme paradigması olan askerin darbe
yapma kültürü, Osmanlı Devlet geleneğinden gelen bir külttü. Bu kültün
oluşum ve gelişim aşaması, devletçi seçkinler tarafından Cumhuriyet
Türkiye’sine miras bırakıldı. HenüzBab-ı Ali hükümet darbesi zihinlerdeyken,
Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerince 27 Mayıs 1960 yılında yapılan askeri darbe, ülke
siyasetinde yeni bir dönemin başlangıcı oldu. 27 Mayıs Askeri Darbesi sonrası
ülkede oluşan siyasi ve sosyal gelişmelerin yanında askeri alanda da önemli
kırılmalar yaşandı. Bu kırılmaların ana omurgası, güç paylaşımının yarattığı
psikolojiyle ilgiliydi. Özellikle 27 Mayıs’ta ordunun iktidarı sivillerin elinden
alması, Türkiye’de darbenin gelenekselleşmesinin önünü açtı.
Bu çalışma, 1960-1964 yılları arasında ordu mensupları arasında yaşanan iktidar
mücadelesinin ana eksenleri üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Çalışmanın betimsel
yaklaşımı ile birlikte Türkiye’de yaşanan demokrasi krizinin ordu üzerindeki
etkisi incelenmiştir. Bilhassa Milli Birlik Komitesi görevi devraldıktan sonra
ülkede tek güç olma ülküsünde, adına14’ler verilen ve içlerinde Alparslan
Türkeş, Muzaffer Özdağ gibi kişiler tasfiye edilerek yurt dışı görevlerine
gönderilmişlerdir. Bu gelişme, ordu içerisinde darbe yanlıları ile sivil iktidarı
destekleyenler arasındaki uçurumu gözler önüne sermiştir. 1963 yılında geçici
hükümetin kurulmasından sonra dahi bile TSK içerinde sivil iradeyi
beğenmeyen subayların darbe girişimleri oldu. Öyle ki bu darbe girişimlerinde
askeri hiyerarşi genelde ikinci plana atıldı. Özellikle 22 Şubat Askeri Darbe
girişiminden başlayarak 1964 yılına kadar ki hâkim güç, darbe girişimleri
gerekçe göstererek 235 general 4171 subay ile 1459 Harp Okulu öğrencisi
ordudan tasfiye etti. Özetle orduda yapılan bu tasfiyeler genel olarak merkezi
gücü elde etmeye yönelikti.
Military Coup Culture which has crucial place in Turkish political life as means to achieve power is a cult that its tradition comes from Ottoman State tradition. The formation and development phase of this cult inherited The Republic of Turkey by statist elite. Bab-ı Ali government coup were still fresh in minds, May 27 military coup in 1960 that made by Turkish Armed Forces was the beginning of a new era in the country’s politics. In addition to political and social developments after the May 27 military coup in the country, significant fractures experienced in the military field. The main backbone of these fractures were related to psychology that produced by power-sharing. In particular, political and military movement of army by military coup to take power from hands of civilians opened the way for the traditionalization of military coup in Turkey. This study is focused the main axis of the power struggle between members of the military in the years 1960-1964. With the descriptive approach of study, the impact of democracy crisis on the army will be examined. Military officers as AlparslanTürkeş and MuzafferÖzdağ were sent to oversea mission for the purge. This development revealed the gap between supporters of civilian power and coup supporters in the army. There were military coup attempts officers who did not like civilian governance or power in Turkish Armed Forces, even after the establishment of interim government in 1963. So much so that the military hierarchy was generally taken in the second plan, in coup attempts. 235 general, 4171 officers and 1459 cadets were expelled from the army for the reason of coup attempts. In summary, overall, these purges were made in army for obtaining central power.
Military Coup Culture which has crucial place in Turkish political life as means to achieve power is a cult that its tradition comes from Ottoman State tradition. The formation and development phase of this cult inherited The Republic of Turkey by statist elite. Bab-ı Ali government coup were still fresh in minds, May 27 military coup in 1960 that made by Turkish Armed Forces was the beginning of a new era in the country’s politics. In addition to political and social developments after the May 27 military coup in the country, significant fractures experienced in the military field. The main backbone of these fractures were related to psychology that produced by power-sharing. In particular, political and military movement of army by military coup to take power from hands of civilians opened the way for the traditionalization of military coup in Turkey. This study is focused the main axis of the power struggle between members of the military in the years 1960-1964. With the descriptive approach of study, the impact of democracy crisis on the army will be examined. Military officers as AlparslanTürkeş and MuzafferÖzdağ were sent to oversea mission for the purge. This development revealed the gap between supporters of civilian power and coup supporters in the army. There were military coup attempts officers who did not like civilian governance or power in Turkish Armed Forces, even after the establishment of interim government in 1963. So much so that the military hierarchy was generally taken in the second plan, in coup attempts. 235 general, 4171 officers and 1459 cadets were expelled from the army for the reason of coup attempts. In summary, overall, these purges were made in army for obtaining central power.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
27 Mayıs, Ordu, Askeri Darbe, May 27, the Army, Military Coup
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
11
Sayı
22
Künye
İlyas, A. (2016). 27 Mayıs Askeri Darbesi’nin sancıları ve orduda tasfiyeler 1960-1964. Türk-İslam Medeniyeti Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11 (22), ss163-178.
