Reishi mantarı, tarçın ve keçiboynuzunun antibiyotikler ile ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni bakterilerine karşı sinerjik etkisinin araştırılması
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2023-06-05
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, tıbbi aromatik mantar ve bitkilerden, reishi mantarı (RM), keçiboynuzu (KB) ve tarçının (T) iki farklı çözücü ekstraktlarının, (su ve etil alkol) yalın (KB, RM, T), mix (KB+RM, KB+T, RM+T) ve bu formülasyonlarının ve bunların antibiyotiklerle kombinasyonları, Pnömoni ilişkili patojen bakteriler üzerinde antimikrobiyal (Agar kuyu difüzyon testi, MİK ve MBK testi) ve biyokimyasal etkileri (toplam fenolik-flavonoid ve antioksidan aktiviteleri (DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP testi) araştırılmıştır.
Agar kuyu difüzyon testinde RMsu yalın Klebsiella pneumoniae üzerine 30.12 mm, RMalkol yalın yine K. pneumoniae üzerinde (16.86 mm zon çap) en etkili formülasyon olarak belirlenmiştir. Siprofloksasin ilaveli RM+KBsu, K. pneumoniae üzerine (32.49 mm), Siprofloksasin ilaveli RM+Talkol Acinetobacter baumannii üzerine 37.51 mm inhibisyon zonu, Sefotaksim ilaveli RMsu, K. pneumoniae üzerine 32.48 mm, Siprofloksasin ilaveli RMalkol Staphylococcus aureus üzerine 32.3 mm inhibisyon zonu ile etkili olmuştır. Tsu yalın (19.0 mm zon çap) S. aureus en etkili iken, yalın Talkol ekstraktında ise (14.66 mm zon çap) en etkili olduğu bakteri K. pneumoniae olduğu belirlendi. Sefotaksim ilaveli Tsu en yüksek değer (31.03 mm zon çap) K. pneumoniae, Sefotaksim ilaveli en yüksek Talkol değer (34.54 mm zon çap) ile S. aureus izolatı oldu. KBsu yalın (15.55 mm zon çap) en etkili olduğu bakteri K. pneumoniae iken, yalın KBalkol (10.67 mm zon çap) sadece S. aureus’ta etkili olmuştur. Siprofloksasin ilaveli KBsu en yüksek değer (31.06 mm zon çap) A. baumannii iken, Sefotaksim ilaveli en yüksek değer KBalkol (33.59 mm zon çap) ile A. baumannii olduğu görüldü. RM+Tsu yalın (24.4 mm zon çap) en etkili olduğu bakteri sadece K. pneumoniae iken yalın RM+Talkol (12.06 mm zon çap) A. baumannii’de etkili olmuştur. Siprofloksasin ilaveli en yüksek değer RM+Tsu (30.41 mm zon çap) S. aureus iken, RM+Talkol ise en yüksek değer (37.51 mm zon çap) ile A. baumannii’de etkili oldu. RM+KBsu yalın (13.3 mm zon çap) en etkili olduğu bakteri sadece K. pneumoniae iken, RM+KBalkol (16.73 mm zon çap) K. pneumoniae’de etkili olmuştur. Siprofloksasin ilaveli RM+KBsu (32.49 mm zon çap) K. pneumoniae iken, Siprofloksasin ilaveli ise en yüksek değer RM+KBalkol (35.45 mm zon çap) ile S. aureus olduğu belirlendi. RM+T+KBsu yalın (20.74 mm zon çap) ve RM+T+KBalkol (13.28 mm zon çap) için sadece en etkili olduğu bakteri sadece K. pneumoniae’de etkili olmuştur. Siprofloksasin ilaveli en yüksek değer RM+T+KBsu (30.2 mm zon çap) A. baumannii iken, RM+T+KBalkol (35.06 mm zon çap) en yüksek değer ile S. aureus izolatı oldu.
MBK testinin RMsu (0.750 mg/mL) tüm bakteri izolatlarında etkili iken, MİK RMalkol (0.375 mg/ml) ile sadece Pseudomonas aeruginosa etkili olmuştur. MBK ve MİK testinin RMalkol (0.750 mg/mL) tüm bakterileri izolatlarının genelinde etkili oldu. MBK testinin Tsu (0.750 mg/mL) tüm bakteri izolatlarında etkili iken, T hiçbir ekstraktta MİK testinde bakteri izolatında etki göstermedi. MBK ve MİK testi ile Talkol (0.188 mg/mL) tüm bakteri izolatlarının çoğunluğunda etkili olmuştur. MBK testi KBsu (0.750 mg/mL) tüm bakteri izolatlarında etkili iken MİK testinde Tsu sadece K. pneumoniae (0.750 mg/mL) ve S. aureus’da (0.375 mg/mL) etkili olmuştur. MBK ve MİK testi Talkol (0.750 mg/mL) ile tüm bakteri izolatlarının genelinde etkili olmuştur. MBK testinde ise RM+Tsu (0.750 mg/mL) tüm bakterilerde etkili iken MİK testinde RM+T hiçbir bakteri izolatında etkili olmamıştır. MBK testi RM+Talkol (0.012 mg/mL) A. baumannii’nin sadece 1 izolatında etkili iken diğer bakterilerin çoğunluğunda etkili olmamıştır. RM+Talkol (0.750 mg/mL) tüm bakteri izolatlarında etkili olmuştur. RM+KBsu (0.750 mg/mL) tüm bakterilerde etkili iken, MİK testinde RM+KB’de K. pneumoniae bakterisinde etkili olmadığı görüldü. RM+KBalkol (0.047 mg/mL) ile tüm bakterilerde, RM+KBalkol (0.750 mg/mL) tüm bakteri izolatlarında etkili olmuştur. MBK ve MİK testlerinde RM+T+KBsu/alkol (0.750 mg/mL) tüm bakterilerde etkili olmuştur.
Biyokimyasal analizlerde ekstraktlar arasında, en yüksek fenolik madde miktarı değerleri KBalkol (1.59 mg GAE/mL) ve KBsu (1.32 mg GAE/mL), en yüksek flavonoid madde miktarı değerleri KBsu ekstraktında (0.15 mg rutin eşdeğeri/mL) tespit edildi. Antioksidan testlerinde en yüksek DPPH radikal giderme aktivitesi değeri RMsu (0.35 mg Troloks/mL), en yüksek CUPRAC aktivitesi değerleri KBalkol (6.07 mg Troloks/mL), KBsu (4.22 mg Troloks/mL) olarak belirlendi. RM+Talkol (3.51 mg Troloks/mL), RM+T+KBalkol (1.90 mg Troloks/mL) Tsu (1.75 mg Troloks/mL), en yüksek FRAP aktivitesi değerleri ise sırasıyla KBalkol (3.56 mg Troloks/mL) ve KBsu (2.52 mg Troloks/mL) olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Yapılan çalışma sonucunda, zengin fenolik ve antioksidatif özellikleri belirlenen mantar ve bitkilerin antibiyotikler ile birleşiminin daha etkili olduğu, ayrıca sinerjik etkinin patojen pnömoni izolatlarına karşı antimikrobiyal özelliği arttırdığı tespit edildi. Antibiyotiklerin tıbbi ajanlar ile kullanılması, hem etkinliği arttırıp, hem de antibiyotiğe dirençli bakterilerin inhibisyonunu sağlamıştır.
In this study, two different solvent extracts of medicinal aromatic mushrooms and plants, reishi mushroom (RM), carob (KB) and cinnamon (T), water and ethyl alcohol extracts, plain (KB, RM, T), mix (KB+RM, KB+T, RM+T) and their formulations and their combinations with antibiotics, antimicrobial (Agar well diffusion test, MIC and MBK test) and biochemical effects (total phenolic-flavonoid and antioxidant activities (DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP) on Pneumonia-associated pathogenic bacteria) test was investigated. In the agar well diffusion test, RMwater lean was determined as 30.12 mm on Klebsiella pneumoniae, and RMalcohol plain was determined as the most effective formulation on K. pneumoniae (16.86 mm zone diameter). Ciprofloxacin added RM+KBwater on K. pneumoniae (32.49 mm), Ciprofloxacin added RM+Talcohol on Acinetobacter baumannii 37.51 mm inhibition zone, Cefotaxime added RMwater 32.48 mm on K. pneumoniae, ciprofloxacin added RMalcohol on Staphylocccus aureus 2.3 mm inhibition 3 effective with the zone. While Twater plain (19.0 mm zone diameter) S. aureus was the most effective, it was determined that K. pneumoniae was the most effective in plain Talcohol extract (14.66 mm zone diameter). The highest value of Twater with Cefotaxime (31.03 mm zone diameter) was K. pneumoniae, and the highest value of Twater with Cefotaxime addition (34.54 mm zone diameter) was S. aureus isolate. While K. pneumoniae was the most effective bacteria with KBwater plain (15.55 mm zone diameter), plain KBalcohol (10.67 mm zone diameter) was effective only in S. aureus. The highest value for BP supplemented with ciprofloxacin (31.06 mm zone diameter) was A. baumannii, while the highest value for BP supplemented with Cefotaxime was A. baumannii with alcohol (33.59 mm zone diameter). RM+Twater bare (24.4 mm zone diameter) was the most effective bacteria only K. pneumoniae, while bare RM+Talcohol (12.06 mm zone diameter) was effective in A. baumannii. While RM+Twater (30.41 mm zone diameter) S. aureus had the highest value with ciprofloxacin addition, RM+Talcohol was effective in A. baumannii with the highest value (37.51 mm zone diameter). While RM+KBwater (13.3 mm zone diameter) was the most effective bacteria only K. pneumoniae, RM+KBalcohol (16.73 mm zone diameter) was effective in K. pneumoniae. While RM+KBwater (32.49 mm zone diameter) with ciprofloxacin added was K. pneumoniae, S. aureus with the highest value RM+KBalcohol (35.45 mm zone diameter) with ciprofloxacin added. For RM+T+KBwater bare (20.74 mm zone diameter) and RM+T+KBalcohol (13.28 mm zone diameter) only the most effective bacteria was effective only in K. pneumoniae. The highest value with ciprofloxacin supplementation was RM+T+KBwater (30.2 mm zone diameter) A. baumannii, while the highest value was S. aureus isolate with RM+T+KBalcohol (35.06 mm zone diameter). While the RM of the MBC test (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates, only P. aeruginosa was effective with the MIC RM (0.375 mg/mL). RMalcohol (0.750 mg/mL) of MBC and MIC test was effective in all bacteria isolates. While Twater (0.750 mg/mL) of the MBC test was effective in all bacterial isolates, T did not affect any of the extracts in the bacterial isolate in the MIC test. By MBC and MIC testing, Talcohol (0.188 mg/mL) was effective in the majority of all bacterial isolates. MBC test KBwater (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates, while in the MIC test T was effective only (0.750 mg/mL) K. pneumoniae and (0.375 mg/mL) S. aureus. MBC and MIC test was effective in all bacterial isolates with Talcohol (0.750 mg/mL). While RM+Twater (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria in the MBC test, RM+T was not effective in any bacterial isolate in the MIC test. While the MBC test RM+Talcohol (0.012 mg/mL) was effective in only 1 isolate of A. baumannii, it was not effective in the majority of other bacteria. RM+Talcohol (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates. While RM+KBwater (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria, it was not found to be effective in K. pneumoniae bacteria in RM+KB in the MIC test. RM+KBalcohol (0.047 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria, RM+KBalcohol (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates. In MBC and MIC tests, RM+T+KBwater/alcohol (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria. Among the extracts in biochemical analysis, the highest phenolic content values were found in KBalcohol (1.59 mg GAE/mL) and KBwater (1.32 mg GAE/mL), and the highest flavonoid substance content values were found in KBwater extract (0.15 mg routine equivalent/mL). In antioxidant tests, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity value was determined as RMwater (0.35 mg Trolox/mL), the highest CUPRAC activity value was determined as KBalcohol (6.07 mg Trolox/mL), KBwater (4.22 mg Troloks/mL). RM+Talcohol (3.51 mg Trolox/mL), RM+T+KBalcohol (1.90 mg Trolox/mL) Twater (1.75 mg Trolox/mL), the highest FRAP activity values were KBalcohol (3.56 mg Trolox/mL) and KBwater (2.52 mg Trolox/mL). As a result of the study, it was determined that the combination of fungi and herbs, whose rich phenolic and antioxidant properties were determined, with antibiotics was more effective, and the synergistic effect increased the antimicrobial property against pathogen pneumonia isolates. The use of antibiotics with medicinal agents both increased efficacy and inhibited antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
In this study, two different solvent extracts of medicinal aromatic mushrooms and plants, reishi mushroom (RM), carob (KB) and cinnamon (T), water and ethyl alcohol extracts, plain (KB, RM, T), mix (KB+RM, KB+T, RM+T) and their formulations and their combinations with antibiotics, antimicrobial (Agar well diffusion test, MIC and MBK test) and biochemical effects (total phenolic-flavonoid and antioxidant activities (DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP) on Pneumonia-associated pathogenic bacteria) test was investigated. In the agar well diffusion test, RMwater lean was determined as 30.12 mm on Klebsiella pneumoniae, and RMalcohol plain was determined as the most effective formulation on K. pneumoniae (16.86 mm zone diameter). Ciprofloxacin added RM+KBwater on K. pneumoniae (32.49 mm), Ciprofloxacin added RM+Talcohol on Acinetobacter baumannii 37.51 mm inhibition zone, Cefotaxime added RMwater 32.48 mm on K. pneumoniae, ciprofloxacin added RMalcohol on Staphylocccus aureus 2.3 mm inhibition 3 effective with the zone. While Twater plain (19.0 mm zone diameter) S. aureus was the most effective, it was determined that K. pneumoniae was the most effective in plain Talcohol extract (14.66 mm zone diameter). The highest value of Twater with Cefotaxime (31.03 mm zone diameter) was K. pneumoniae, and the highest value of Twater with Cefotaxime addition (34.54 mm zone diameter) was S. aureus isolate. While K. pneumoniae was the most effective bacteria with KBwater plain (15.55 mm zone diameter), plain KBalcohol (10.67 mm zone diameter) was effective only in S. aureus. The highest value for BP supplemented with ciprofloxacin (31.06 mm zone diameter) was A. baumannii, while the highest value for BP supplemented with Cefotaxime was A. baumannii with alcohol (33.59 mm zone diameter). RM+Twater bare (24.4 mm zone diameter) was the most effective bacteria only K. pneumoniae, while bare RM+Talcohol (12.06 mm zone diameter) was effective in A. baumannii. While RM+Twater (30.41 mm zone diameter) S. aureus had the highest value with ciprofloxacin addition, RM+Talcohol was effective in A. baumannii with the highest value (37.51 mm zone diameter). While RM+KBwater (13.3 mm zone diameter) was the most effective bacteria only K. pneumoniae, RM+KBalcohol (16.73 mm zone diameter) was effective in K. pneumoniae. While RM+KBwater (32.49 mm zone diameter) with ciprofloxacin added was K. pneumoniae, S. aureus with the highest value RM+KBalcohol (35.45 mm zone diameter) with ciprofloxacin added. For RM+T+KBwater bare (20.74 mm zone diameter) and RM+T+KBalcohol (13.28 mm zone diameter) only the most effective bacteria was effective only in K. pneumoniae. The highest value with ciprofloxacin supplementation was RM+T+KBwater (30.2 mm zone diameter) A. baumannii, while the highest value was S. aureus isolate with RM+T+KBalcohol (35.06 mm zone diameter). While the RM of the MBC test (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates, only P. aeruginosa was effective with the MIC RM (0.375 mg/mL). RMalcohol (0.750 mg/mL) of MBC and MIC test was effective in all bacteria isolates. While Twater (0.750 mg/mL) of the MBC test was effective in all bacterial isolates, T did not affect any of the extracts in the bacterial isolate in the MIC test. By MBC and MIC testing, Talcohol (0.188 mg/mL) was effective in the majority of all bacterial isolates. MBC test KBwater (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates, while in the MIC test T was effective only (0.750 mg/mL) K. pneumoniae and (0.375 mg/mL) S. aureus. MBC and MIC test was effective in all bacterial isolates with Talcohol (0.750 mg/mL). While RM+Twater (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria in the MBC test, RM+T was not effective in any bacterial isolate in the MIC test. While the MBC test RM+Talcohol (0.012 mg/mL) was effective in only 1 isolate of A. baumannii, it was not effective in the majority of other bacteria. RM+Talcohol (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates. While RM+KBwater (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria, it was not found to be effective in K. pneumoniae bacteria in RM+KB in the MIC test. RM+KBalcohol (0.047 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria, RM+KBalcohol (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates. In MBC and MIC tests, RM+T+KBwater/alcohol (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria. Among the extracts in biochemical analysis, the highest phenolic content values were found in KBalcohol (1.59 mg GAE/mL) and KBwater (1.32 mg GAE/mL), and the highest flavonoid substance content values were found in KBwater extract (0.15 mg routine equivalent/mL). In antioxidant tests, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity value was determined as RMwater (0.35 mg Trolox/mL), the highest CUPRAC activity value was determined as KBalcohol (6.07 mg Trolox/mL), KBwater (4.22 mg Troloks/mL). RM+Talcohol (3.51 mg Trolox/mL), RM+T+KBalcohol (1.90 mg Trolox/mL) Twater (1.75 mg Trolox/mL), the highest FRAP activity values were KBalcohol (3.56 mg Trolox/mL) and KBwater (2.52 mg Trolox/mL). As a result of the study, it was determined that the combination of fungi and herbs, whose rich phenolic and antioxidant properties were determined, with antibiotics was more effective, and the synergistic effect increased the antimicrobial property against pathogen pneumonia isolates. The use of antibiotics with medicinal agents both increased efficacy and inhibited antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Açıklama
Bu tez çalışması Batman Üniversitesi BAP tarafından BTÜBAP-2022-YL-07 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antimikrobiyal Aktivite, Sefotaksim, Siprofloksasin, Keçiboynuzu, Reishi Mantarı, Tarçın, Ventilatör İlişkili Pnömoni, Sinerjik Etki, Antimicrobial Activity, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Carob, Reishi Mushroom, Cinnamon, Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, Synergistic Effect
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Onat, M. A. (2023). Reishi mantarı, tarçın ve keçiboynuzunun antibiyotikler ile ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni bakterilerine karşı sinerjik etkisinin araştırılması. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Batman.
