Siyah sarımsak ile kekiğin zatürre patojen bakterileri üzerine antimikrobiyal ve antioksidatif sinerjik etkilerinin araştırılması
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Tarih
2023-06-21
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Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, siyah sarımsak ile kekiğin zatürre patojen bakterileri üzerine antimikrobiyal ve antioksidatif sinerjik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmamızda su ve etil alkol ekstrelerinin antimikrobiyal aktivitelerini belirmek için agar kuyu difüzyon, minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonu (MIC) ve minimum bakterisidal konsantrasyonu (MBC) testleri yapılmıştır. Bu şekilde toplam fenolik, flavonoid, ve antioksidan kapasite (DPPH-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, CUPRAC-Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity, FRAP-Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) belirlenmiştir. Agar kuyu difüzyon testinde beyaz sarımsağın (BS) su ekstraktında (SE) en yüksek etki gösterdiği bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (34.64 mm zon çapı) iken, BS etil alkol(EE) ekstraktı uygulanan bakterilerde en yüksek Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.48mm zon çapı) olduğu görülmüştür. Siyah sarımsak su ekstraktı (SSSE) uygulanan bakterilerde sadece Staphylococcus aureus (9.44 mm zon çapı) üzerinde etkili olurken, siyah sarımsak etil alkol ekstraktının (SSEE’nin) en etkili olduğu bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.17mm zon çapı aralığı) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kekiğin su ekstraktının (KSE) en etkili olduğu bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.50mm zon çapı) iken, etil alkol ekstraktının (KEE) en etkili olduğu bakteri ise Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.62 mm zon çapı) olarak tespit edilmiştir. BS+KSE en etkili olduğu bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.34mm zon çapı) iken, BS+KEE’nin (23.79mm zon çapı) en etkili olduğu bakteri yine Klebsiella pneumoniae olduğu verisine ulaşılmıştır. SS+KSE’nin sadece Pseudomonas aeruginosa bakterisine etkili (8.52 mm zon çapı) iken, SS+KEE’nin en etkili olduğu bakteri Acinetobacter baumannii (38.50 mm zon çapı) olarak tespit edilmiştir.
MBC testi verilerine göre, BSSE (0.012 mg/mL) tüm bakteri izolatlarında etkili iken, MIC testi için en etkili olduğu bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (0.094 mg/mL) olarak bulunmuştur. MBC testinin BSEE (0.012 mg/mL) Pseudomonas aeruginosa hariç diğer tüm bakterilerde etki gösterirken, MIC BSEE’nin (0.023 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteri Staphylococcus aureus bilgisi elde edilmiştir. MBC testinin SSSE’de (0,188 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa iken, MIC SSSE’de (0.750 mg/mL) sadece Klebsiella pneumoniae bakterisine etki etmiştir. MBC testinin SSEE (0.012 mg/mL) tüm bakteri izolatlarında etkili iken, MIC SSEE’nin (0.047 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteri Staphylococcus aureus olarak bulunmuştur. MBC testinin KSE‘de (0.375 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteriler Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus ve Acinetobacter baumannii iken, MIC KEE’nin hiçbir bakteri izolatında etkili olmadığı görülmüştür. MBC testinin KEE’de (0.375 mg/mL) tüm bakterilerde etkili iken, MIC KEE’nin (0.023 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteri Staphylococcus aureus olduğu verisine ulaşılmıştır. MBC testinin BS+KSE (0.012 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteriler Klebsiella pneumoniae ve Staphylococcus aureus iken, MIC BS+KSE (0.375 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteri Staphylococcus aureus tespiti yapılmıştır. MBC testinin BS+KEE (0,012 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteriler Klebsiella pneumoniae ve Staphylococcus aureus iken, MIC BS+KEE (0.023 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteriler Staphylococcus aureus ve Acinetobacter baumannii olduğu bilgisine ulaşılmıştır. MBC testinin SS+KSE (0.012 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteri Staphylococcus aureus iken, MIC SS+KSE (0.188 mg/mL) sadece Staphylococcus aureus bakterisinde etkili olmuştur. MBC testinin SS+KEE (0.012 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteriler Staphylococcus aureu ve Acinetobacter baumannii iken, MIC SS+KEE (0.023 mg/mL) en etkili olduğu bakteriler Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Staphylococcus aureus olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Biyokimyasal testlerde araştırılan ekstraktlar arasında, en yüksek fenolik madde miktarı değerleri KSE 1.184 mgGAE/mL, en yüksek flavonoid madde miktarı değerleri KSE 0.129 mg rutin eşdeğeri/mL olduğu görülmüştür. Antioksidan testlerde ise, en yüksek DPPH radikal giderme aktivitesi değerleri BS+KEE kombinasyonunda 0.198 mg Troloks eşdeğeri/mL, en yüksek CUPRAC aktivitesi değerleri KSE 4.318 mg Troloks eşdeğeri/mL ve en yüksek FRAP aktivitesi değerleri KSE 2.633 mg Troloks eşdeğeri/mL olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Yapılan araştırma sonucunda, zengin biyokimyasal ve antioksidatif özellikleri belirlenen tıbbi bitkilerin, yalnız ve birlikte kullanımının patojen pnömoni izolatlarına karşı antimikrobiyal özellikleri yorumlanmıştır. Bu tıbbi bitkilerin pnömoni kökenli hastalarda kullanılan ilaçları destekleyici olarak kullanılması faydalı olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.
In this study, antimicrobial and antioxidative synergistic effects of black garlic and thyme on pneumonia pathogenic bacteria were investigated. In our study, agar well diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were performed to determine the antimicrobial activities of water and ethyl alcohol extracts. In this way, total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity), FRAP-(Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) were determined. Staphylococcus aureus (34.64 mm zone diameter) was the bacteria in which white garlic (WG) showed the highest effect in water extract (WE) in the agar well diffusion test, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.48 mm zone diameter) had the highest effect in bacteria applied WG ethyl alcohol extract (EE) has been found. While black garlic water extract (BGWE) was effective only on Staphylococcus aureus (9.44 mm zone diameter) in bacteria applied, it was determined that black garlic ethyl alcohol extract (BGEE) was the most effective bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.17 mm zone diameter range). The most effective bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.50 mm zone diameter), while water extract (TWE) of thyme was most effective, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.62 mm zone diameter) was determined to be the most effective bacterium by ethyl alcohol extract (TEE). While the bacteria that WG+TWE was most effective was Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.34mm zone diameter), the bacteria that WG+TEE (23.79mm zone diameter) was most effective was again Klebsiella pneumoniae. While BG+TWE was effective only against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (8.52 mm zone diameter), the bacteria that BG+TEE was most effective was Acinetobacter baumannii (38.50 mm zone diameter). According to MBC test data, WGWE (0.012 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates, while Staphylococcus aureus (0.094 mg/mL) was found to be the most effective bacteria for MIC test. While MBC test was effective on all bacteria except WGEE (0.012 mg/mL) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus information was obtained for which MIC WGEE (0.023 mg/mL) was the most effective. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most effective bacteria in MBC test in BGWE (0.188 mg/mL), it only affected Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in MIC BGWE (0.750 mg/mL). While BGEE (0.012 mg/mL) of the MBC test was effective in all bacterial isolates, the bacteria that MIC BGEE (0.047 mg/mL) was most effective was found to be Staphylococcus aureus. While the bacteria that the MBC test was most effective in TWE (0.375 mg/mL) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, MIC TEE was not found to be effective in any bacterial isolate. While the MBC test was effective in TEE (0.375 mg/mL) in all bacteria, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus was the most effective bacteria in MIC TEE (0.023 mg/mL). While the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most effective in MBC test with WG+TWE (0.012 mg/mL), the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was detected for which MIC WG+TWE (0.375 mg/mL) was the most effective. While the bacteria that MBC test WG+TEE (0.012 mg/mL) is the most effective are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, MIC WG+TEE (0.023 mg/mL) is the most effective bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. Staphylococcus aureus was the most effective bacteria in MBC test BG+TWE (0.012 mg/mL), while MIC BG+TWE (0.188 mg/mL) was effective only on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii were found to be the most effective bacteria in MBC test BG+TEE (0.012 mg/mL), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most effective bacteria with MIC BG+TEE (0.023 mg/mL). Among the extracts investigated in biochemical tests, the highest phenolic content values were found to be TWE 1.184 mg GAE/mL, and the highest flavonoid content values were TWE 0.129 mg routine equivalent/mL. In antioxidant tests, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity values were determined as 0.198 mg Trolox equivalent/mL in the WG+TEE combination, the highest CUPRAC activity values were found to be 4.318 mg Trolox equivalent/mL for TWE and the highest FRAP activity values for TWE were 2.633 mg Trolox equivalent/mL. . As a result of the research, the antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants, whose rich biochemical and antioxidant properties were determined, against pathogen pneumonia isolates were interpreted when used alone or together. It has been concluded that the use of these medicinal plants as a supplement to the drugs used in patients with pneumonia may be beneficial.
In this study, antimicrobial and antioxidative synergistic effects of black garlic and thyme on pneumonia pathogenic bacteria were investigated. In our study, agar well diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were performed to determine the antimicrobial activities of water and ethyl alcohol extracts. In this way, total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity), FRAP-(Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) were determined. Staphylococcus aureus (34.64 mm zone diameter) was the bacteria in which white garlic (WG) showed the highest effect in water extract (WE) in the agar well diffusion test, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.48 mm zone diameter) had the highest effect in bacteria applied WG ethyl alcohol extract (EE) has been found. While black garlic water extract (BGWE) was effective only on Staphylococcus aureus (9.44 mm zone diameter) in bacteria applied, it was determined that black garlic ethyl alcohol extract (BGEE) was the most effective bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.17 mm zone diameter range). The most effective bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.50 mm zone diameter), while water extract (TWE) of thyme was most effective, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.62 mm zone diameter) was determined to be the most effective bacterium by ethyl alcohol extract (TEE). While the bacteria that WG+TWE was most effective was Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.34mm zone diameter), the bacteria that WG+TEE (23.79mm zone diameter) was most effective was again Klebsiella pneumoniae. While BG+TWE was effective only against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (8.52 mm zone diameter), the bacteria that BG+TEE was most effective was Acinetobacter baumannii (38.50 mm zone diameter). According to MBC test data, WGWE (0.012 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates, while Staphylococcus aureus (0.094 mg/mL) was found to be the most effective bacteria for MIC test. While MBC test was effective on all bacteria except WGEE (0.012 mg/mL) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus information was obtained for which MIC WGEE (0.023 mg/mL) was the most effective. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most effective bacteria in MBC test in BGWE (0.188 mg/mL), it only affected Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in MIC BGWE (0.750 mg/mL). While BGEE (0.012 mg/mL) of the MBC test was effective in all bacterial isolates, the bacteria that MIC BGEE (0.047 mg/mL) was most effective was found to be Staphylococcus aureus. While the bacteria that the MBC test was most effective in TWE (0.375 mg/mL) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, MIC TEE was not found to be effective in any bacterial isolate. While the MBC test was effective in TEE (0.375 mg/mL) in all bacteria, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus was the most effective bacteria in MIC TEE (0.023 mg/mL). While the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most effective in MBC test with WG+TWE (0.012 mg/mL), the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was detected for which MIC WG+TWE (0.375 mg/mL) was the most effective. While the bacteria that MBC test WG+TEE (0.012 mg/mL) is the most effective are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, MIC WG+TEE (0.023 mg/mL) is the most effective bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. Staphylococcus aureus was the most effective bacteria in MBC test BG+TWE (0.012 mg/mL), while MIC BG+TWE (0.188 mg/mL) was effective only on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii were found to be the most effective bacteria in MBC test BG+TEE (0.012 mg/mL), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most effective bacteria with MIC BG+TEE (0.023 mg/mL). Among the extracts investigated in biochemical tests, the highest phenolic content values were found to be TWE 1.184 mg GAE/mL, and the highest flavonoid content values were TWE 0.129 mg routine equivalent/mL. In antioxidant tests, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity values were determined as 0.198 mg Trolox equivalent/mL in the WG+TEE combination, the highest CUPRAC activity values were found to be 4.318 mg Trolox equivalent/mL for TWE and the highest FRAP activity values for TWE were 2.633 mg Trolox equivalent/mL. . As a result of the research, the antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants, whose rich biochemical and antioxidant properties were determined, against pathogen pneumonia isolates were interpreted when used alone or together. It has been concluded that the use of these medicinal plants as a supplement to the drugs used in patients with pneumonia may be beneficial.
Açıklama
Bu tez çalışması Batman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından BTÜBAP-2022-YL-08 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antimikrobiyal Aktivite, Antioksidan Aktivite, Kekik, Siyah Sarımsak, Ventilatör İlişkili Pnömoni, Antimicrobial Activity, Antioxidant Activity, Black Garlic, Thyme, Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Babat, A.(2023). Siyah sarımsak ile kekiğin zatürre patojen bakterileri üzerine antimikrobiyal ve antioksidatif sinerjik etkilerinin araştırılması. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Batman.
