Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e geçiş sürecinde Solidarist Korporatizmin Türk sosyal hayatına yansıması
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Tarih
2013-08
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Turkish Studies
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
Özet
XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Osmanlı/Türk aydınları,
devlet ve toplum yapısında meydana gelen çöküşü durdurmak için
çareler aramışlardır. Bahsi geçen çöküşü durdurmak için başvurulan
çarelerden biri, Fransa’da ortaya çıkan, toplum ve devletin yapısı nasıl
olmalıdır? Sorusuna çözüm arayan Solidarizm(Dayanışmacılık) fikir
akımıdır. Bu fikir akımı Fransa’da etkili olduğu gibi Osmanlı Devleti ve
birçok ülkede kendine taraftar bulmuştur. XIX. Yüzyıldan itibaren
Osmanlı Devleti’nde meydana gelen reform hareketlerinde Fransa,
örnek alınan bir ülke olmuştur. Bundan dolayı Fransa’da ortaya çıkan
Solidarizm kısa bir süre sonra Osmanlı/Türk aydınlarının fikri yapısını
etkilemiştir.
Solidarizmin, dinsel, etnik, mezhep vb. birçok çeşidine bahsi
geçen dönem dünyasında rastlanmaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin son
dönemine damgasını vuran, İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’nin fikri alt
yapısının şekillenmesinde Solidarizmin etkisi büyük olmuştur. Kuruluş
aşamasında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin fikri alt yapısının şekillenmesinde
de Solidarizmin etkisini görmek mümkündür. Cumhuriyetin ilk
yıllarında Solidarizmin ilke edindiği fikirlerin, sosyal ve devlet hayatında
ihtiyacı tam olarak akımı olarak karşılamadığı anlaşıldığından,
Korporatizmin(devlet ve toplum hayatında işbirliği) ilkelerine de
başvurulmuştur. Böylece yeni cumhuriyetin fikirsel alt yapısı, Solidarist
Korporatizm olarak kendini göstermiştir. Bu fikirsel alt yapı, sosyal yapı
ve devletin işbirliği halinde kalkınması hedeflenmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, Solidarizm ve Korporatizm fikir akımlarının,
Osmanlı Devleti ve aydınları üzerinde olan etkisi açıklanmıştır. Bu
akımların, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk döneminde, devlet ve sosyal
yapının düzenlenmesinde yapılan anayasal çalışmalara olan katkısı
incelenmiştir.
As of the second half of the 19th century, Ottoman/Turkish intellectuals sought ways to stop the decadence that was taking place in the State and in the social structure. One of such remedies was the movement of idea called Solidarism which emerged in France and sought an answer to the question “How the structure of society and the State should be like?” Having been influential in France, the movement also found followers in the Ottoman State and in many other countries. France was taken as an exemplary in the reform movements that took place in the Ottoman State as of the 19th century. Therefore, Solidarism influenced the ideas of the Ottoman/Turkish intellectuals soon after its emergence in France. Various types of Solidarism including religious, ethnical, sectarian ones etc. could be found in the mentioned period. Solidarism was also very influential in the shaping of the “intellectual infrastructure” of the İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti (Committee of Union and Progress) which made its mark in the last era of the Ottoman State. It is also possible to observe the same influence in the shaping of the intellectual infrastructure of the Turkish Republic in its establishment period. As it is understood in the first years of the Republic that the ideas adopted by Solidarism did not fully meet the need in the social life and in the State, the principles of Corporatism (cooperation in the State and social life) were also appealed. Thus the ideological infrastructure of the new republic expressed itself as Solidarist Corporatism. This ideological infrastructure targeted the cooperative development of the social structure and the State. This study explains the influence of the Solidarism and Corporatism movements on the Ottoman State and its intellectuals. The study examines the contribution of these movements to the constitutional works that were carried out for organizing the State and the social structure in the first years of the Republic of Turkey.
As of the second half of the 19th century, Ottoman/Turkish intellectuals sought ways to stop the decadence that was taking place in the State and in the social structure. One of such remedies was the movement of idea called Solidarism which emerged in France and sought an answer to the question “How the structure of society and the State should be like?” Having been influential in France, the movement also found followers in the Ottoman State and in many other countries. France was taken as an exemplary in the reform movements that took place in the Ottoman State as of the 19th century. Therefore, Solidarism influenced the ideas of the Ottoman/Turkish intellectuals soon after its emergence in France. Various types of Solidarism including religious, ethnical, sectarian ones etc. could be found in the mentioned period. Solidarism was also very influential in the shaping of the “intellectual infrastructure” of the İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti (Committee of Union and Progress) which made its mark in the last era of the Ottoman State. It is also possible to observe the same influence in the shaping of the intellectual infrastructure of the Turkish Republic in its establishment period. As it is understood in the first years of the Republic that the ideas adopted by Solidarism did not fully meet the need in the social life and in the State, the principles of Corporatism (cooperation in the State and social life) were also appealed. Thus the ideological infrastructure of the new republic expressed itself as Solidarist Corporatism. This ideological infrastructure targeted the cooperative development of the social structure and the State. This study explains the influence of the Solidarism and Corporatism movements on the Ottoman State and its intellectuals. The study examines the contribution of these movements to the constitutional works that were carried out for organizing the State and the social structure in the first years of the Republic of Turkey.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Osmanlı Devleti, Modernleşme, Solidarizm, Korporatizm, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Sosyal Yapı, Ottoman State, Modernization, Solidarism, Corporatism, Republic of Turkey, Social Structure
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
8
Sayı
11
Künye
İlyas, A., Kızılkaya, O. (2013).Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e geçiş sürecinde Solidarist Korporatizmin Türk sosyal hayatına yansıması. Turkish Studies - International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 8 (11), ss.203-217.
