13 sonuçlar
Arama Sonuçları
Listeleniyor 1 - 10 / 13
Öğe Performance and exhaust emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil and inedible animal tallow methyl esters(TÜBİTAK, 2011) Altun, ŞehmusThe performance and exhaust emissions of a direct injection diesel engine were experimentally investigated using 2 biodiesel fuels with promising economic perspective, one obtained from inedible animal tallow and the other from waste cooking oils. Inedible animal tallow, which is obtained from a mixture of slaughtered cattle and sheep fats collected from a local slaughterhouse during meat preparation process, was transesterified using methyl alcohol and an alkaline catalyst to produce the inedible animal tallow methyl ester. Biodiesel from waste cooking oil was produced from waste cooking oils and methyl alcohol via a transesterification reaction, and provided by a commercial biodiesel producer. In order to investigate the performance and exhaust emissions, the experiments were conducted at different engine speeds under the full load condition of the engine. The experimental results showed, compared with diesel fuel, that the biodiesel fuels resulted in a reduction in brake torque and in an increase in brake specific fuel consumption. Although both biodiesels caused reductions in carbon monoxide (CO), the NOx emissions were higher for waste cooking oil biodiesel and lower for inedible animal tallow biodiesel as compared to diesel fuel.Öğe Biodiesel production from raw cottonseed oil and its characterization(Energy Education Science and Technolgy Part A, 2011-07) Altun, Şehmus; Yaşar, Fevzi; Öner, CengizIn this study, raw cottonseed oil of Turkish origin was transesterified using methyl alcohol and an alkali catalyst to obtain the cottonseed oil methyl ester. The obtained cottonseed oil methyl ester was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) for determining the fatty acid composition. The fuel-related properties of cottonseed oil methyl ester, cold filter plugging point, cloud point, kinematic viscosity, density, cetane index, flash point, distillation, sulfur content and heating value were determined and compared with those of petroleum diesel fuel and international biodiesel standards. From gas chromatograph analysis, it was found that the cottonseed oil methyl ester has the more amount of total unsaturated FA, therefore, it showed better cold-flow properties than more saturated ones, as expected. Moreover, the fuel-related properties of cottonseed oil methyl ester were within the specified standardsÖğe Fuel properties of biodiesels produced from blends of canola oil and animal tallow(SILA SCIENCE, 2011-04) Adin, Hamit; Altun, Şehmus; Yaşar, FevziBiodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oil or animal fats by transesterification with methanol for using in diesel engines. The viscosity and density of biodiesel fuels are important parameters due to being key fuel properties for injection and combustion process of diesel engines. These fuel properties mainly depend on the feedstock which is used in the biodiesel production. Also, lubricity is an important for diesel engine fuels due to the fuel injection systems are lubricated by the fuel itself. In this study, the blends containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of food-grade canola oil/inedible animal tallow in volume basis were prepared and converted into methyl esters by base-catalyzed transesterification. Effect of canola oil ration in the feedstock on the viscosity, density and lubricity were investigated. Lubricity was determined using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) test. Experimental results showed that the kinematics viscosity of increased as animal tallow ratio increased in the feedstock, as animal tallow itself is more viscous than canola oil. Also, density did not change much when blended feedstocks were used. Besides, it was observed that lubricity of biodiesel fuels from blended feedstocks was slightly get worse compared with pure biodiesels.Öğe Fuel properties of biodiesels produced from different feedstocks(Energy Education Science and Technolgy Part A, 2011) Altun, ŞehmusBio diesel is an oxygenated diesel fuel obtained from vegetable oils or animal fats via transesterification reaction. The fuel properties such as viscosity, density, cetane number and heating value are very important for determining the suitability of bio diesel as a diesel engine fuel. These fuel properties mainly depend on the feedstock which is used in the bio diesel production. In this study, the effect of bio diesels produced from different feed stocks such as inedible animal tallow, crude canola oil and canola oil blended with animal tallow on the fuel properties were experimentally investigated. Bio diesel fuels and their blends with petroluem diesel fuel were compared with petroleum diesel (petrodiesel). The results showed that the viscosity and density of all the methyl esters were higher than that of petrodiesel, while the heating values of the methyl esters was lower. Besides, the viscosity and the density of methyl esters are within the bio diesel standards, except for animal tallow methyl ester and it was slightly out of the specification EN 14214. Animal tallow bio diesel has the highest cetane number than those of other fuels include petrodiesel. It is concluded that bio diesels and their blends with petrodiesel have suitable fuel properties, especially cetane numbers, for diesel combustion process.Öğe Using gasoline-like fuel obtained from waste automobile tires in a spark-ignited engine(Taylor & Francis, 2014-05-01) Altun, Şehmus; Varol, Yasin; Öztop, Hakan Fehmi; Fırat, MüjdatAn experimental study on performance and exhaust emission of a spark-ignited engine fueled by gasoline-like fuel obtained from waste automobile tires using the prolysis process was performed in this study. Gasoline-like fuel has a higher octane number than unleaded gasoline; however, it has higher in viscosity in comparison to unleaded gasoline, which limited the use of gasoline-like fuel in neat form. Therefore, gasoline-like fuel was blended with unleaded gasoline from 0% to 100% with an increment of 10%, volumetrically. Obtained blends were then used in a spark-ignited engine. It was observed that the test engine was normally run up to blended fuel containing gasoline-like fuel of 60%. It is concluded that gasoline-like fuel can be partially substituted for the gasoline fuel up to 60% in blended form in terms of performance parameters and emissions without any engine modification.Öğe Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel obtained from a hybrid feedstock(Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, 2011-04) Altun, ŞehmusVegetable oils and animal fats are widely investigated as a alternative fuel for diesel engines because of their high cetane number. However, animal fats are highly viscous and mostly in solid form at ambient temperature that they need modifications before using them in diesel engines. Pre-heated, blending, transesterification and emulsification are well known to improve usage of animal fats in diesel engines. In this study, biodiesel was produced from a hybrid feedstock (60% crude canola oil/40% inedible animal tallow) by transesterification and tested in a DI diesel engine for determining exhaust emissions and comparing those of biodiesel from pure animal tallow. Biodiesel fuels were tested as blends in diesel fuel (50% biodiesel and 50% diesel fuel). The experimental results show that, compared with animal tallow biodiesel blend, hybrid feedstock biodiesel blend has higher viscosity, density, brake specific fuel consumption, CO and NO x emissions and a lower cetane number, brake thermal efficiency.Öğe The use of waste transformer oil as alternative fuel in a diesel power generator(International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 2019-10-31) Altun, Şehmus; Yıldız, AbdulkerimIn this study, waste transformer oil (WTO) was investigated as a fuel candidate for a diesel power generator set in terms of its fuel and combustion characteristics. Kinematic viscosity, which is the most restrictive property of WTO (9.6 mm2 /s at 40 oC), was measured on different blends with a conventional diesel fuel (in 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% by volume) in order to detect the suitable blending ratio to be used in engine without any modification, and to propose some blending strategies to optimize engine performance and emissions. The blended fuels containing WTO up to 50% with diesel by volume were found to have a viscosity which is within standard value specified for conventional diesel fuels, i.e., 2.0-4.5 mm2 /s in EN590, and in case 60% WTO, it agrees with EN14214 (3.5-5.0 mm2 /s) alternative diesel fuel standards. It is also found that a fuel blend containing 20% WTO and 80% diesel have a kinematic viscosity and density which are very close to conventional diesel’ values. Therefore, WTO was blended with diesel at the rate of 20% by volume and then tested in a 4-stroke and 4-cylinder diesel engine powered generator set under constant speed-variable load conditions. Measured and calculated results were compared with the results of conventional diesel tested under the same conditions. Experimental results showed that specific fuel consumption, NOx and unburned HC emissions reduced when using blended fuel instead of conventional diesel. Cylinder gas pressure was higher for blended fuels than that of conventional diesel while the start of combustion was later in the case of blended fuelsÖğe Effect of using bioethanol as fuel on start-up and warm-up exhaust emissions from a diesel power generator(Taylor & Francis, 2021-09-01) Altun, Şehmus; Adin, Mehmet Şükrü; Adin, Muhammed ŞakirThe present work investigates the effects of bioethanol as fuel additive on a diesel power generator’s exhaust emission (especially under transient conditions) characteristics, during the start-up followed by idling and warm-up periods, from no load to loaded cases up to 50% at ambient conditions. Experiments with diesel/bioethanol blends in 10% and 15% proportions (denoted as BE10 and BE15, respectively) were achieved in a diesel power generator following the practical operating conditions of the gen-sets. Regarding emissions, CO increased first when bioethanol is used during start-up at no load, then it starts to decrease by increasing bioethanol fraction in diesel and load applied. Unburnt HC emissions were also measured as highest for all fuels tested during start-up, while they were slightly higher for BE15 than others in the rest of the test. NOx was highest with petroleum diesel, while it was lowest with BE15 at start-up. Despite higher NOx was measured with BE10, those of petroleum diesel and BE15 were similar during warm-up together with applying load. Smoke opacity was lowest in BE15; however, BE10 was highest. By applying load, it increased and the highest NOx was measured with BE10, while the lowest was with BE15.Öğe Effect of biodiesel addition in a blend of isopropanol-butanol-ethanol and diesel on combustion and emissions of a CRDI engine(Taylor & Francis, 2021-05-21) Altun, Şehmus; İlçin, KutbettinThe increasing demand for energy and the fact that petroleum, which is the most used energy source, has a limited reserve, have led researchers to search for new and renewable energy sources. In this context, biofuels such as biodiesel and bio alcohols have been studied and used in internal combustion engines for a long time. However, with the developments in technology, the production and use of such alternative fuels in different engine technologies is still a subject of research. In this regard, isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) has received an increasing attention over standard alcohols and its potential as a substitute for other alcohol fuels in internal combustion engines has been researched recently. Therefore, the purpose of the experimental study is to investigate the effect of biodiesel addition at rates of 20% and 40% by volume in a blend of IBE (30% v/v) with petroleum-based diesel (70% v/v) on the combustion and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder common-rail direct injection engine at constant engine speed of 2400 rpm and 60% load conditions. Experimental results showed that all blended fuels presented a potential to reduce smoke opacity by 27% − 41%, CO emissions by 44% − 66% and unburnt HC emissions (up to 31.8%) but increase NOx emissions by 5% − 24.6% compared to diesel. However, adding biodiesel caused to a slight increase in smoke opacity and CO emissions while decrease in unburned HC and NOx emissions compared to the blend of IBE and diesel. Combustion analysis also showed that the use of blended fuels led to the increase of peak cylinder pressure (by 7%) and the significant improvement in the rate of heat release was observed, which further increased with the addition of biodiesel to blend of IBE and diesel. It was concluded that ternary blends was performed better than the blend of IBE and diesel while biodiesel addition was found to be beneficial in terms of reduction of unburnt HC and NOx emissions along with improved performance.Öğe Fındık yağının dizel motorlarda alternatif yakıt olarak kullanılması ve yanma karakteristiklerinin incelenmesi(Makine Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 2007) Altun, Şehmus; Öner, Cengiz; Sugözü, İlker; Akbaş, BülentBu çalışmada, ülkemizin dünya üretiminde ilk sırasında olduğu fındık bitkisinden elde edilen fındık yağının motor yakıtı olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ham fındık yağı dört zamanlı tek silindirli, direk püskürtmeli ve hava soğutmalı bir dizel motorunda yakıt olarak kullanılmıştır. Ham fındık yağının motorine göre çok yüksek olan viskozitesinin düşürülmesi ve yüksek viskozitenin sebep olacağı bazı problemleri gidermek için, ham fındık yağı motorin ile % 25, 50 ve 75 oranlarında karıştırılarak seyreltilmiştir. Motorin ile seyreltilen ham fındık yağı dizel motorunda başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmış, yük altında ve farklı motor hızlarında motor performans karakteristikleri ölçülmüştür. Yapılan testlerde karışım yakıtlarının motor momenti ve gücü motorine göre düşük, özgül yakıt tüketimi değerleri ise yüksek çıkmıştır.
