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Öğe Atatürk ve milletin efendisi: köylü(Türk-İslam Medeniyeti Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2014) Yaşar, SelmanAtatürk Milli Mücadeleye başlarken elinde silah, cephane, asker vb. hiçbir şey yoktu. Ülke işgal edilmeye başlandığı zaman, Samsun’a çıktığında dayandığı tek güç Türk Milletiydi. Milli Mücadele O’nun önderliğinde kazanıldı ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kuruldu. Ancak asıl mücadele bundan sonra başlıyordu. Türk Milleti genciyle yaşlısıyla, kadını erkeğiyle, köylüsü, şehirlisiyle Atatürk’e destek oldu. Atatürk Türk milletine, özellikle Türk köylüsüne büyük bir sevgi duyardı. Türk köylüsünün zaferden sonra hak ettiği yere gelmesi için uğraştı. Atatürk’e göre milletin efendisi olan köylü, efendi seviyesine getirilinceye kadar çalışılmalıydı. Bu sağlandığı zaman ülkenin de yükseleceğini biliyordu. Yaşamı boyunca bu amacını gerçekleştirmek için gayret etti. Köylünün ilerlemesine engel olan vergileri kaldırdı, onun toprak sahibi olmasına çalıştı. Üretimin arttırılması için gerekli tedbirleri aldı. Bunun yanında köylünün eğitimiyle de ilgilendi. Atatürk’ün bu çalışmaları sonucu Türk köylüsü hak ettiği yere geldi. Bu makalede Atatürk’ün Türk köylüsüne verdiği önem ele alınmıştır.Öğe Atatürk ve çocuk eğitimi(Türk-İslam Medeniyeti Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2014) Yaşar, SelmanKurduğu cumhuriyeti koruma görevini gençliğe bırakan Atatürk, gençliğin başlangıç evresi olan çocukluk döneminin birey için öneminin faı·kındaydı. Çocukların iyi yetiştirilmesinin sağlam bir toplum oluşturulması açısından gerekli olduğunu bilen Atatürk, onların yetişmesinde ailenin, okulun ve öğretmenierin önemli bir yer tuttuğunu belirtmiştir. Atatürk, ailelerin çocuklarını yetiştirirken onları yarının büyükleri olarak görmelerini istiyordu. Atatürk' e göre okul çocuğun yetişmesinde birinci derecede rol oynamaktay dı. Öğretmenierin yeni neslin yetiştirilmesinde önemli bir görevi olduğunu bilen Atatürk, öğretmenierin görevinin sadece okulla sınırlı olmadığını söylemiş ve okul dışında da öğrencilerinin yetişmesiyle ilgilenmesi gerektiğini belirtmiştir. Atatürk, çocukların yetiştirilmesinde izlenecek yolun akıl ve bilim olduğuna inanıyordu. Atatürk, Türk çocuklarının sadece müsbet bilimlerde değil, aynı , zamanda sanatta, sporda vb. her alanda kendilerini en iyi şekilde yetiştirmeleri gerektiğini söyle miştir.Öğe N-type InP Schottky diodes with organic thin layer: Electrical and interfacial properties(Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 2010-03) Güllü, Ömer; Turut, AbdulmecitThe rectifying junction characteristics of methyl red (MR) organic film on n-type InP substrate have been studied. It has been observed that MR-based structure shows an excellent rectifying behavior and that the MR film increases the effective barrier height by influencing the space charge region of the n-type InP. The barrier height and ideality factor values for this structure have been obtained as 0.75 eV and 1.93 from the forward bias current-voltage characteristics, respectively. By using capacitance-voltage characteristics at 1 MHz, the barrier height and the carrier concentration values have been calculated as 0.93 eV and 5.13×1015 cm−3, respectively. The energy distributions of the interface states and their relaxation times have been determined from the forward bias capacitance-frequency and conductance-frequency characteristics. Moreover, it was seen that both the interface-state density and the relaxation time of the interface states decreased with bias voltage from experimental results.Öğe Investigation of plasma arc cutting parameters with type-2 fuzzy set and system(De Gruyter, 2013-10) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Özek, Cebeli; Bulut Özek, MüzeyyenThe objective of the present study was it to design a type-2 fuzzy set and system in order to predict surface roughness and hardness depending on the parameters (material thickness, cutting speed, arc voltage and current) of the plasma arc cutting process of S235JR sheet materials. Therefore, some experimental studies were conducted. The experimentally determined data were used to describe the type-2 fuzzy set and system. Type-2 fuzzy set and system was found to be usefull to predict surface roughnes and hardness. According to the obtained values, the best surface roughness and the values closest to the hardness of the raw material were obtained at 1500 mm/min cutting speed, 8 mm material thickness, 115 V arc voltage and 80 A current.Öğe Biodiesel production from inedible animal tallow and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine(Elsevier, 2009-02-15) Altun, Şehmus; Öner, CengizIn this study, a substitute fuel for diesel engines was produced from inedible animal tallow and its usability was investigated as pure biodiesel and its blends with petroleum diesel fuel in a diesel engine. Tallow methyl ester as biodiesel fuel was prepared by base-catalyzed transesterification of the fat with methanol in the presence of NaOH as catalyst. Fuel properties of methyl ester, diesel fuel and blends of them (5%, 20% and 50% by volume) were determined. Viscosity and density of fatty acid methyl ester have been found to meet ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 specifications. Viscosity and density of tallow methyl esters are found to be very close to that of diesel. The calorific value of biodiesel is found to be slightly lower than that of diesel. An experimental study was carried out in order to investigate of its usability as alternative fuel of tallow methyl ester in a direct injection diesel engine. It was observed that the addition of biodiesel to the diesel fuel decreases the effective efficiency of engine and increases the specific fuel consumption. This is due to the lower heating value of biodiesel compared to diesel fuel. However, the effective engine power was comparable by biodiesel compared with diesel fuel. Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and smoke opacity were reduced around 15%, 38.5%, 72.7% and 56.8%, respectively, in case of tallow methyl esters (B100) compared to diesel fuel. Besides, the lowest CO, NOx emissions and the highest exhaust temperature were obtained for B20 among all other fuels. The reductions in exhaust emissions made tallow methyl esters and its blends, especially B20 a suitable alternative fuel for diesel and thus could help in controlling air pollution. Based on this study, animal tallow methyl esters and its blends with petroleum diesel fuel can be used a substitute for diesel in direct injection diesel engines without any engine modification.Öğe Effects of cutting parameters and point angle on thrust force and delamination in drilling of CFRP(De Gruyter, 2014-11-14) Çelik, Yahya Hışman; Kılıçkap, Erol; Yardımeden, AhmetParts made of composite materials are generally produced by near-net-shape technology. However, additional machining operations such as drilling are often required to facilitate components assembling. Drilling of composite materials is also a common process in the assembly of aerospace and automotive composite structures. During drilling, unlike the conventional materials, a few damage forms may take place. Among these damage forms, the delamination is the most important one. Therefore, the experimental studies carried out on drilling of CFRP composite materials for determining optimum processing parameters are of great importance. In this particular study, delamination in CFRP composites caused by drilling was investigated. The composite material was drilled under various spindle speeds, feed rates and drill point angles. The results showed that delamination and thrust forces were affected by cutting parameters. It was demonstrated that feed rate and drill point angle make the largest contribution to the overall performance.Öğe The effect of Plantago major Linnaeus on serum total sialic acid, lipid-bound sialic acid, some trace elements and minerals after administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in rats(SAGE, 2012-04) Oto, Gökhan; Ekin, Suat; Özdemir, Hülya; Levent, Abdulkadir; Berber, İsmetThe present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Plantago major Linnaeus (PM) extract on serum total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA), some trace elements (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron) and mineral levels (magnesium, calcium and sodium) in Wistar albino rat administrated 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Rats were divided into three equal groups (n = 6). Group I comprised the control group, group II was treated with DMBA (100 mg/kg, single dose) and group III was treated with DMBA (100 mg/kg single dose) and aqueous extract of PM 100 mg/kg/day for 60 days. After 60 days, statistical analyses showed that TSA and LSA levels in DMBA and DMBA + PM groups were significantly higher compared to the control group (TSA: p < 0.01, p < 0.05; LSA: p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Serum Zn levels were decreased in subjects treated with DMBA (p < 0.01) and DMBA + PM (p < 0.05) compared to the control group values. Serum Cu levels were increased in DMBA group and PM-treated group compared to the control group values. The results of this investigation showed that the levels of TSA and LSA changed significantly, which are sensitive markers for detecting the toxic effects of DMBA. On the other hand, observed decline in Zn levels in rats from DMBA + PM group might be due to decreased generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Results from this study suggest that PM may be partially effective in preventing carcinogenesis initiated by environmental carcinogen DMBA.Öğe The comparison of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of sesame oil-diesel fuel mixture with diesel fuel in a direct injection diesel engine(Elsevier, 2008-01-09) Altun, Şehmus; Bulut, Hüsamettin; Öner, CengizThe use of vegetable oils as a fuel in diesel engines causes some problems due to their high viscosity compared with conventional diesel fuel. Various techniques and methods are used to solve the problems resulting from high viscosity. One of these techniques is fuel blending. In this study, a blend of 50% sesame oil and 50% diesel fuel was used as an alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated and compared with the ordinary diesel fuel in a diesel engine. The experimental results show that the engine power and torque of the mixture of sesame oil-diesel fuel are close to the values obtained from diesel fuel and the amounts of exhaust emissions are lower than those of diesel fuel. Hence, it is seen that blend of sesame oil and diesel fuel can be used as an alternative fuel successfully in a diesel engine without any modification and also it is an environmental friendly fuel in terms of emission parameters.Öğe Taming the late Quaternary phylogeography of the Eurasiatic wild ass through ancient and modern DNA(PLoS One, 2017-04-19) Gündem, Can Yumni; Bennett, E Andrew; Champlot, Sophie; Peters, Joris; Arbuckle, Benjamin S; Guimaraes, Silvia; Pruvos, Mlanie; David, Shirli Bar; Davis, Simon J M; Gautier, Mathieu; Kaczensky, Petra; Kuehn, Ralph; Mashkour, Marjan; Morales, Arturo; Muiz, Morales; Pucher, Erich; Tournepiche, Jean François; Uerpmann, HansPeter; Blşescu, Adrian; Germonpr, Mietje; Moull, Pierre Elie; Ötzan, Aliye; Walzer, Chris; Grange, Thierry; Geigl, Eva MariaTaxonomic over-splitting of extinct or endangered taxa, due to an incomplete knowledge of both skeletal morphological variability and the geographical ranges of past populations, continues to confuse the link between isolated extant populations and their ancestors. This is particularly problematic with the genus Equus. To more reliably determine the evolution and phylogeographic history of the endangered Asiatic wild ass, we studied the genetic diversity and inter-relationships of both extinct and extant populations over the last 100,000 years, including samples throughout its previous range from Western Europe to Southwest and East Asia. Using 229 bp of the mitochondrial hypervariable region, an approach which allowed the inclusion of information from extremely poorly preserved ancient samples, we classify all non-African wild asses into eleven clades that show a clear phylogeographic structure revealing their phylogenetic history. This study places the extinct European wild ass, E. hydruntinus, the phylogeny of which has been debated since the end of the 19th century, into its phylogenetic context within the Asiatic wild asses and reveals recent mitochondrial introgression between populations currently regarded as separate species. The phylogeographic organization of clades resulting from these efforts can be used not only to improve future taxonomic determination of a poorly characterized group of equids, but also to identify historic ranges, interbreeding events between various populations, and the impact of ancient climatic changes. In addition, appropriately placing extant relict populations into a broader phylogeographic and genetic context can better inform ongoing conservation strategies for this highly-endangered species.Öğe Şanlıurfa ilinde yatay yüzeye gelen anlık global güneş ışınımının modellenmesi(Dicle Üniversitesi, 2019-03-15) Karakaya, Hakan; Kallioğlu, Mehmet Ali; Avcı, Ali Serkan; Ercan, UmutBu çalışma ile Şanlıurfa ilinin iklim özellikleri ve topografik yapısı göz önüne alınarak yatay düzleme gelen aylık ortalama günlük global güneş radyasyonunun tespit edilebilmesi için literatürde yer alan 5 farklı model incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar istatistiksel karşılaştırma metotları, belirlilik katsayısı (R²), ortalama yüzde hata (MPE), sapma hatası (MBE), ortalama mutlak hata yüzdesi (MAPE), bağıl hata karesi (SSRE), bağıl standart hata (RSE), ortalama karekök hatası (RMSE), bağıl hata yüzdesi (e) ve t-istatistik (t-sat) ile olmak üzere dokuz farklı istatistik yöntemi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Şanlıurfa ili için en uygun yaklaşım için bir sonuç verilmiştir. İstatistiksel hata sonuçlarına göre Cheegar ve Chibani Modeli yatay düzleme gelen global güneş ışınımı için Şanlıurfa ilinde kullanılacak en uygun model olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Şanlıurfa ili toplam güneş radyasyonu tahmini için polinom modelin tercih edilmesi önerilmiştir. Bu model verilerine göre Şanlıurfa ili için yıllık güneş enerjisi potansiyeli 4332,020 W/m2 /ay olarak belirlenmiştir
