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Öğe An analysis of biodiesel requirement, production and policies in Turkey(e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 2008-02-01) Aydın, Hüseyin; Bayındır, HasanThe development of alternative fuels from renewable resources, like biomass, has gained considerable attention in recent years. A biodiesel program would give many benefits in terms of generation of employment for poor/rural people, farmers, accelerate of starting many type of industries for developing countries like Turkey. This paper investigates current status of biodiesel in Turkey, advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel in diesel engines, annual diesel fuel consumption, import and export ratings and annual diesel fuel demand. The main focus of this paper is on Turkey’s current fuel status and to clarify Turkey’s biodiesel demand as alternative to fossil diesel fuel. Results show that Turkey is highly in need of alternative energies such as bio-fuels. That’s way it is recommended that Turkey should promote oilseed crops farming to the rise production of biodiesel.Öğe Exhaust emissions of methanol and ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends in a spark ignition engine(VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 2013) Altun, Şehmus; Öztop, Hakan Fehmi; Öner, Cengiz; Varol, YasinIn this study, the effect of unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline blended with 5% and 10% of ethanol or methanol on the performance and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine were experimentally investigated. The engine tests were performed by varying the engine speed between 1000 and 4000 rpm with 500 rpm period at three-fourth throttle opening position. The results showed that brake specific fuel consumption increased while brake thermal efficiency, emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon decreased with methanol-unleaded gasoline and ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends. It was found that a 10% blend of ethanol or methanol with unleaded gasoline works well in the existing design of engine and parameters at which engines are operating.Öğe Exhaust emissions of a CI engine operated with biodiesel from rapeseed oil(Taylor & Francis, 2011-01-16) Aydın, Hüseyin; İlkılıç, CumaliIn this study, biodiesel was produced from rapeseed oil and was used in a single cylinder, naturally aspirated and direct-injected diesel engine as pure biodiesel (B100) and as a blend with standard diesel fuel by 20% biodiesel to 80% diesel fuel (B20). The diesel engine emissions and some performance parameters were investigated at fully loaded engine conditions. The effects of pure biodiesel and its blend with diesel fuel on emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were clarified. Results showed that biodiesel fuel is environmentally friendly since it reduced the emissions of CO, SO 2, and CO2 of engines at all speeds. Results also indicated that the pure biodiesel gave about 12% lower power and 20 to 25% higher fuel consumption as compared to diesel. However, the results were almost the same or slightly different from a blend of biodiesel-diesel and petroleum diesel fuel.Öğe Exhaust emissions from a spark-ıgnition engine operating on Iso-propanol and unleaded gasoline blends(Technology, 2010) Altun, Şehmus; Öner, Cengiz; Fırat, MüjdatIn this study, the effect of blends of iso-propanol and unleaded gasoline on exhaust emissions of a sparkignition engine were experimentally investigated. Exhaust emission tests were conducted on a four-stroke, four cylinder and direct injection spark-ignition engine. The engine tests were performed at three-fourth throttle opening position at four various speeds in the range of 1000-4000 rpm with 1000 rpm period. The experimental results compared with unleaded gasoline showed that emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) decreased with iso-propanol-unleaded gasoline blends while carbon dioxide (CO2) emission increased.Öğe Effects of fuels produced from fish and cooking oils on performance and emissions of a diesel engine(Elsevier, 2014-07-15) Oktay, Hasan; Yumrutaş, Recep; Behçet, RasimIn this study, two fuels called as FOME (Fish Oil Methyl Ester) and COME (Cooking Oil Methyl Ester) were produced from waste fish and cooking oils using the transesterification method. Commercial D2 (Diesel fuel) and two fuel samples obtained by blending the FOME and COME with the D2 with a ratio of 25% on volume basis were used as fuels in a Diesel test engine. An experimental study was performed for investigating the performance and exhaust emissions of the Diesel engine using the fuels. According to the test results, it was observed that the fish oil based fuel indicated better performance and exhaust emission parameters than those of cooking oil. Results clearly showed that the engine power and torque values were lower than those of the Diesel fuel with values of 3.05% and 1.25% for FB25, and 4.07% and 2.2% for CB25, respectively. Also, brake specific fuel consumption for the produced fuels increased up to 5.69% compared to Diesel fuel. However, HC and CO emission reductions compared to the Diesel fuel were found to be around 16.24% and 19.81%, respectively. But, the amount of increase in NOx emissions for the same biodiesel fuels reached up to 17.2%.Öğe Air pollution, pollutant emissions and harmfull effects(Batman Üniversitesi, 2017) Aydın, Hüseyin; İlkılıç, CumaliPresent paper is an overview of the engine and air pollution problem especially in the urban areas. Air pollution is caused bu pollutant emissions is popular problem that should be solved in the world by means of its harmfull effects. The combustion processes of diesel and gasoline fuels in realted engines and other hydrocarbon fuels in termical machines are main sources of air pollutant emissions. These main pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulates matter (PM), lead (Pb), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). All these emissions are firstly introduced and classified in the view of their sorces and formation processes. Then, their negative and harmfull effects on global warming, environment and human healt have been presented. Finaly the processes and technologies of reducing these pollutant emissions were presented.Öğe The effects of λ and ε on engine performance and exhaust emissions using ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends in an SI engine(Taylor & Francis, 2011-01) Bayındır, Hasan; Yücesu, Hüseyin Serdar; Aydın, HüseyinIn this study, the effect of relative air-fuel ratio (λ) and compression ratio (ε) on engine performance and exhaust emissions was experimentally investigated. The experiments were performed by varying ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends as E0 (100% unleaded gasoline), E10 (10% ethanol and 90% gasoline blend), E30 (30% ethanol and 70% gasoline blend), and E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline blend). In experiments, first the effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions at 0.931, 1, and 1.069 λ values were clarified. Second, tests were carried out with compression ratios of 7:1, 9:1, and 11:1. The results indicated that the relative air-fuel ratio and ethanol content play an important role in reducing CO (carbon monoxide emissions) and HC (hydrocarbon) emissions. Results also showed that the engine power was slightly decreased, especially at higher engine speeds. A probable knocking phenomenon did not occur with the increase of compression ratio because of a higher octane number of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends.Öğe Comparison of methanol, ethanol, or n-butanol blending with unleaded gasoline on exhaust emissions of an SI engine(Taylor & Francis, 2014-03-18) Altun, Şehmus; Varol, Yasin; Öner, Cengiz; Öztop, Hakan FehmiAir pollution is becoming a serious problem in many urban cities of the world and it can have a serious effect on both health and the environment. Although experimental studies have shown that alcohol fuels burn cleaner than unleaded gasoline and produce lesser emission, there is limited information regarding the comparison among the alcohol fuels as gasoline additive in spark-ignited engines. Therefore, a comparison has been performed in this experimental work on the exhaust emissions of a spark-ignited engine when operating on a blend of methanol, ethanol, or n-butanol with unleaded gasoline. Methanol, ethanol and n-butanol were added to unleaded gasoline by mass percent of 10% (denoted as M10, E10 and Bu10, respectively), and then tested in a four cylinder, four strokes spark-ignited engine. Although the experimental results show little differences in exhaust emissions between M10, E10, and Bu10, compared with Bu10, M10 and E10 have lower carbon monoxide emission and higher fuel consumption, hydrocarbon, and CO2 emission. Compared with unleaded gasoline, blended fuels containing different alcohols appear to have a lower carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and a higher fuel consumption rate and CO2 emissions.Öğe The performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel and diesel fuel(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2010-01) Altun, Şehmus; Öner, Cengiz; Sugözü, İlkerThis paper presents the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel and diesel fuel. The tests were performed in a four stroke, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, air-cooled and direct injection diesel engine at the different engine speed under full-load conditions. The results obtained with biodiesel were compared with the diesel fuel as reference fuel. The engine torque and power obtained in biodiesel were less, and the specific fuel consumption was found to be higher, which could be attributed to lower calorific value of biodiesel. CO emissions for biodiesel were lower than that of diesel fuel. However, it was observed that NOx emissions for biodiesel were higher than that of diesel fuel.Öğe Comparative experimental investigation on the effects of heavy alcohols- safflower biodiesel blends on combustion, performance and emissions in a power generator diesel engine(Elsevier, 2021-02-05) Işık, Mehmet ZerrakkiThe experimental works carried out in this article evaluates the potential of using heavy alcohol and safflower biodiesel as the blended fuel mixtures without making any modifications in the tests diesel engine. For this purpose, volumetrically 20% of Propanol, Pentanol, Butanol, and Octanol were blended with safflower biodiesel fuel and they were named as PR20, PE20, BU20, and OC20, respectively. The performance, combustion, and emission data were found out at the same conditions of constant engine speed and various loads and compared with pure biodiesel (B100) and diesel fuel(ULSD). In the experiments, a four-cylinder, water-cooled diesel engine that was loaded by an electrical power generator was used for the tests. The addition of alcohol causes an increase in fuel consumption due to a decrease in lower thermal performance. The use of heavy alcohols in diesel engine in specific quantities by mixing with biodiesel significantly increases engine brake thermal efficiency. Negative effects of low cetane number and high latent heat of vaporization that may decrease ignition delay and decrease cylinder pressure while increase peak heat release was considered to be compensated by the better mixing properties and atomization of alcohol blended biodiesel thus eventually improve the combustion. Alcohol addition to biodiesel fuel can be accepted as a useful application to increase brake thermal efficiency and reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by reducing the density and viscosity.
