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Öğe In Vitro ve In Vivo yetiştirilen antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.)’nın tuz ile (NaCl) elisitasyonu, enzim inhibisyonu ve antihipertansif aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi(Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2021-06-30) Eren, Zelal; Ayaz Tilkat, Emine; Akdeniz, MehmetBu çalışmada, Pistacia vera L. (Antepfıstığı)’nın tohumları farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarının (0, 50, 150, 250 mM) elisitör olarak kullanıldığı, ancak herhangi bir bitki büyüme düzenleyicisi içermeyen Murashige ve Skoog (MS) besi ortamında bir kontrol grubu ile birlikte çimlendirilmiştir. Kontrol ve elisitasyon grubuna ait kök, gövde ve yaprakları ile In vivo (doğal) koşullarda yetişen erkek ve dişi genotiplerine ait kök, gövde ve yapraklarının antihipertansif ve antioksidan aktiviteleri ile enzim inhibisyon aktiviteleri incelenerek karşılaştırılmıştır. Genel olarak tuz elisitasyonu uygulamalarının biyolojik aktiviteyi kontrol gruplarına oranla arttırdığı, bunun yanı sıra In vivo kökenli ekstrelerin In vitro kökenli ekstrelere kıyasla daha yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek antihipertansif aktivite (77,7) In vivo dişi yaprak ekstrelerinden elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bütirilkolinesteraz (BChE) enzim inhibisyonuna karşı In vivo kökenli ekstrelerin daha etkili sonuçlara sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Test edilen ekstreler arasında In vivo genotiplere ait erkek kök ekstrelerinin hem antiüreaz (61,98±1,71) hem de antitirozinaz (35,28±0,27) aktivite bakımından güçlü inhibitör etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. In vivo dişi genotiplerin kök kısımları toplam fenolik içerik (316,79±4,26), ve In vivo erkek genotiplerin kök kısımları ise, toplam flavonoid içerik (44,37±1,55) bakımından zengin bulunmuştur. Çalışılan tüm ekstreler, antioksidan test sonuçlarına (DPPH, ABTS ve CUPRAC) göre antioksidan aktivite sergilemiştir. Bununla birlikte, In vivo erkek genotiplerin yaprak ekstrelerinin, bütillenmiş hidroksitoluen (BHT) ve a-Tokoferol (a-TOC) standart sonuçlarından önemli ölçüde daha yüksek antioksidan aktivite sergilediği kaydedilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, P. vera L.’nın bu tez kapsamında çalışılan kısımlarının farmakolojik çalışmalar için yüksek bir potansiyel teşkil ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of heterocyclic Schiff bases(Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2020-08-04) Aral, Tarık; Dağ, Beşir; Kızılkaya, Hakan; Genç, Nusret; Erenler, RamazanSchiff base derivatives have gained great importance due to revealing a great number of biological properties. Schiff bases were synthesized by treatment of 4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (1) with various aldehydes in methanol at reflux. In addition, diamine was reacted with an aldehyde to yield the corresponding Schiff bases. The structures of synthesized Schiff bases were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as microanalysis, 1 H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FTIR. Antioxidant activities of synthesized Schiff bases were carried out using different antioxidant assays such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH• ) scavenging, 2,20 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and reducing power activity. (E)-4-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyleneamino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (3), (E)-1,5-dimethyl-4-((2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl) methyleneamino)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (5), (E)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-(thiophen-2-ylmethyleneamino)-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (7), (E)-1,5-dimethyl2-phenyl-4-(quinolin-2-ylmethyleneamino)-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (9), (1S,2S, N1,N2)-N1,N2-bis((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (11), and (1S,2S,N1,N2)-N1,N2-bis((2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (12) were synthesized in high yields. Compound 5 displayed a good ABTS•+ activity. Compound 3 revealed the outstanding activity in all assays. Compound 7 has the best-reducing power ability in comparison to other synthesized compounds. Although compounds 5, 11, 12 are new, compounds 3, 7, 9 are known. Due to revealing a good antioxidant activity, the synthesized compounds (3, 5, 7) have the potential to be used as synthetic antioxidant agents.Öğe Gümüş nanopartikül (AgNP) uygulamalarının Pistacia lentiscus L. sürgün kültürlerinde antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivite üzerine etkileri(Batman Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2021-06-28) Yel, Orhan; Tilkat, EnginIn this study, shoots obtained from in vitro germinated seeds of Pistacia lentiscus L. (Mastic tree) were grown in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l Benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg/l Gibberellic acid (GA3). A protocol has been developed that contains the necessary basic information about how different Ag nanoparticle (NP) concentration applications affect some growth parameters and biological activity capacities. Firstly, Ag nanoparticles at three different concentrations (1, 2 and 4 mg/l) were added to the axenic shoots of mastic seedlings germinated in vitro, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity tests were applied. The effects of AgNP applications on seed germination, some physiological growth parameters and secondary metabolite content were tested. In general, it was determined that AgNP applications caused an increase in both the amount of phenolic and flavonoid substances and in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity compared to the control group. Among all tested parameters, the highest total phenolic content was obtained from 1 mg/l AgNP with 67.63±0.014 μg/mg, and the highest total flavonoid content was obtained from the application of 2 mg/l AgNP with 18.53±0.006 μg/mg. Furthermore, it was determined that 1 mg/l AgNP application had higher antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and CUPRAC) results than other AgNP applications. In terms of antimicrobial activity, it was determined that 1 mg/l AgNP application showed moderate activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) fungus and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) bacterial strains and low activity against Bacillus cereus (DSSM 4312) bacterial strains the tested parameters.Öğe A detailed chemical and biological investigation of twelve allium species from Eastern Anatolia with chemometric studies(Wiley-Blackwell, 2020-11-14) İzol, Ebubekir; Temel, Hamdi; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yener, İsmail; Tokul Ölmez, Özge; Kaplaner, Erhan; Fırat, Mehmet; Haşimi, Nesrin; Öztürk, Mehmet; Ertaş, AbdulselamAllium species are widely consumed as food all over the world. The phenolic profile of ethanol extracts of aerial parts and roots of 12 Allium species, collected from five different Eastern Anatolia regions, were studied using LC-MS/MS. In vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were also tested. The multivariate analyses were performed using principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. Seventeen of 27 standard compounds were detected in all Allium species. The major components were mainly identified as quinic acid, malic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid. The aerial parts possessed better antioxidant activity than roots. Aerial parts of A. atroviolaceum, A. chrysantherum, A. kharputense, and A. shirnakiense exhibited high cytotoxic activity against DLD-1 colon cancer cell lines (IC50 12.5 μg/mL). A. shatakiense and A. vineale demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli (MIC 75 μg/mL). According to chemometric analysis, differences were detected between aerial parts and the roots. The aerial parts of A. atroviolaceum, A. chrysantherum, A. kharputense, and A. shirnakiense could be potent in the pharmaceutical industry while A. shatakiense and A. vineale in the food industry after further investigations.Öğe In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of three hypericum and three achillea species from Turkey(Taylor & Francis, 2011-02-25) Barış Cebe, Deniz; Kızıl, Murat; Aytekin, Mehmet Çetin; Kızıl, Göksel; Yavuz, Murat; Çeken Toptancı, Bircan; Ertekin, Alaattin SelçukThe present study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Hypericum scabrum L (HSm), Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides (HL), and Hypericum retusum Aucher (HR) and ethanol extracts of Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. aleppica (AA), Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. zederbaueri (Hayek) Hub.-Mor (AZ), and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (AB). The antioxidant properties of extracts were evaluated using different antioxidants tests, including reducing power, free radical scavenging, deoxyribose assay, metal chelating activities and determination of total phenolic compounds. The extracts obtained from Hypericum and Achillea species showed high antioxidant properties. The protective effects of plant extracts were compared with a well known antioxidant, Butilated Hydroxytoluen (BHT) and α-tocopherol. Total antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of plants were also tested by using ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. Antioxidative activities of plant extracts were found to be comparable with Vitamin E. The results showed that the ethanol extracts of all tested plant exhibited different activity against tested microorganisms. Since most of the studied extracts have good antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, it might be possible to use them as natural food additives that act both as antioxidants and as spices.
