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Öğe An analysis of biodiesel requirement, production and policies in Turkey(e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 2008-02-01) Aydın, Hüseyin; Bayındır, HasanThe development of alternative fuels from renewable resources, like biomass, has gained considerable attention in recent years. A biodiesel program would give many benefits in terms of generation of employment for poor/rural people, farmers, accelerate of starting many type of industries for developing countries like Turkey. This paper investigates current status of biodiesel in Turkey, advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel in diesel engines, annual diesel fuel consumption, import and export ratings and annual diesel fuel demand. The main focus of this paper is on Turkey’s current fuel status and to clarify Turkey’s biodiesel demand as alternative to fossil diesel fuel. Results show that Turkey is highly in need of alternative energies such as bio-fuels. That’s way it is recommended that Turkey should promote oilseed crops farming to the rise production of biodiesel.Öğe Atık kızartma yağı metil esterinin bir dizel motorunda motor performansı ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkisinin araştırılması(Fırat Üniversitesi, 2011-05) Aydın, Hüseyin; Behçet, Rasim; Aydın, Selman; İlkılıç, Cumali; Çakmak, AbdülvahapPetrolün sınırlı rezervleri vardır ve gün geçtikçe azalır. Çevre kirliliği ve zararlı yakıtların yanması sonucu ortaya çıkan emisyonlardır. petrol ürünü. Bu alternatif arayışını sürdürür Yukarıda bahsedilen iki temel sorunu çözmek için yakıtlar. Bunda alternatif bir yakıt kaynağı olduğu düşünüldüğünde, atık Yemeklik yağ üretilen biyodizel yakıtı dizel yakıtla karıştırıldı hacimce %25 (B25), %50 (B50) ve %80 (B80) oranlarında ve dizel motorda test edilmiştir. Karışımdan elde edilen test sonuçları yakıtlar, elde edilenlerle karşılaştırılarak sunuldu. dizel yakıt.Öğe Biyodizelin hava kirliliğine etkisi(Batman Üniversitesi, 2012-06-01) Aydın, Hüseyin; Aydın, Selman; İlkılıç, CumaliBu çalışmada aspir yağından transesterifikasyon (yağın yeniden esterleştirmesi) yöntemi ile biyodizel üretilmiştir. %20 aspir biyodizeli %80 dizel karışımlı yakıt ile normal dizel yakıtı (D2) tek silindirli, dört zamanlı, direkt püskürtmeli ve hava soğutmalı bir dizel motorunda kullanılarak egzoz emisyonları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelendi. Yakıtların test sonuçları karşılaştırıldığında aspir yağı metil esterinin dizel yakıtına göre NOx ve O2 emisyonlarında artış HC, CO2 ve CO emisyonlarında ise azalmalar görülmüştür. Motor emisyonlarında metil ester karışımı (B80) genel itibari ile çevre açısından daha az zararlı olduğu görülmüştür.Öğe Exhaust emissions of methanol and ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends in a spark ignition engine(VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 2013) Altun, Şehmus; Öztop, Hakan Fehmi; Öner, Cengiz; Varol, YasinIn this study, the effect of unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline blended with 5% and 10% of ethanol or methanol on the performance and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine were experimentally investigated. The engine tests were performed by varying the engine speed between 1000 and 4000 rpm with 500 rpm period at three-fourth throttle opening position. The results showed that brake specific fuel consumption increased while brake thermal efficiency, emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon decreased with methanol-unleaded gasoline and ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends. It was found that a 10% blend of ethanol or methanol with unleaded gasoline works well in the existing design of engine and parameters at which engines are operating.Öğe Exhaust emissions from a spark-ıgnition engine operating on Iso-propanol and unleaded gasoline blends(Technology, 2010) Altun, Şehmus; Öner, Cengiz; Fırat, MüjdatIn this study, the effect of blends of iso-propanol and unleaded gasoline on exhaust emissions of a sparkignition engine were experimentally investigated. Exhaust emission tests were conducted on a four-stroke, four cylinder and direct injection spark-ignition engine. The engine tests were performed at three-fourth throttle opening position at four various speeds in the range of 1000-4000 rpm with 1000 rpm period. The experimental results compared with unleaded gasoline showed that emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) decreased with iso-propanol-unleaded gasoline blends while carbon dioxide (CO2) emission increased.Öğe Air pollution, pollutant emissions and harmfull effects(Batman Üniversitesi, 2017) Aydın, Hüseyin; İlkılıç, CumaliPresent paper is an overview of the engine and air pollution problem especially in the urban areas. Air pollution is caused bu pollutant emissions is popular problem that should be solved in the world by means of its harmfull effects. The combustion processes of diesel and gasoline fuels in realted engines and other hydrocarbon fuels in termical machines are main sources of air pollutant emissions. These main pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulates matter (PM), lead (Pb), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). All these emissions are firstly introduced and classified in the view of their sorces and formation processes. Then, their negative and harmfull effects on global warming, environment and human healt have been presented. Finaly the processes and technologies of reducing these pollutant emissions were presented.Öğe Biyodizel kullanılan bir dizel motorlu jeneratörde soğuk ve sıcakta ilk çalıştırma sırasında oluşan egzoz emisyonlarının incelenmesi(Batman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019-06-18) Çelik, Ziya; Altun, ŞehmusDizel motorlar yüksek verimleri ve dayanıklı olmaları nedeniyle taşımacılık, inşaat, tarımsal ve endüstriyel faaliyetler gibi birçok alanda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadırlar. Bununla beraber jeneratör setlerinde de mekanik enerji kaynağı olarak tercih edilmektedir. Çoğunlukla yaşam alanlarına yakın ve atmosfere açık yerlerde konumlandırılan jeneratör setleri elektrik kesintilerinde çoğunlukla soğuk işletme şartlarında olmak üzere devreye girmektedirler. Jeneratör setlerinin kullanımın artması soğukta veya sıcakta ilk harekete geçiş durumunda oluşan egzoz emisyonlarının araştırılmasını önemli kılmaktadır. Bununla beraber biyodizel yakıtının bu çalışma şartlarında oluşan egzoz emisyonları üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması da önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, soya yağı esaslı biyodizel ile petrol kökenli dizel yakıtının bir dizel motorlu jeneratör setinde soğuk ve sıcakta ilk harekete geçiş şartlarında egzoz emisyonlarına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmalar sabit motor devir sayısında, yüklü (%50) ve yüksüz durumlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneyler her iki test yakıtı için benzer şartlarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda, soğukta ilk harekete geçişte biyodizel kullanımında yakıt tüketiminin arttığı; egzoz ve motor soğutma sıvısı sıcaklığında ise hafif bir düşme olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Egzoz emisyonları değerlendirildiğinde, biyodizel yakıtının kullanıldığı yüklü durumda ve soğukta ilk harekete geçiş dışındaki tüm koşullarda yanmamış HC emisyonunun petrol dizel yakıtına göre önemli ölçüde azaldığı, NOx emisyonunun ise tüm koşullarda azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın duman emisyonlarında artış olduğu görülmüştür.Öğe Comparison of methanol, ethanol, or n-butanol blending with unleaded gasoline on exhaust emissions of an SI engine(Taylor & Francis, 2014-03-18) Altun, Şehmus; Varol, Yasin; Öner, Cengiz; Öztop, Hakan FehmiAir pollution is becoming a serious problem in many urban cities of the world and it can have a serious effect on both health and the environment. Although experimental studies have shown that alcohol fuels burn cleaner than unleaded gasoline and produce lesser emission, there is limited information regarding the comparison among the alcohol fuels as gasoline additive in spark-ignited engines. Therefore, a comparison has been performed in this experimental work on the exhaust emissions of a spark-ignited engine when operating on a blend of methanol, ethanol, or n-butanol with unleaded gasoline. Methanol, ethanol and n-butanol were added to unleaded gasoline by mass percent of 10% (denoted as M10, E10 and Bu10, respectively), and then tested in a four cylinder, four strokes spark-ignited engine. Although the experimental results show little differences in exhaust emissions between M10, E10, and Bu10, compared with Bu10, M10 and E10 have lower carbon monoxide emission and higher fuel consumption, hydrocarbon, and CO2 emission. Compared with unleaded gasoline, blended fuels containing different alcohols appear to have a lower carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and a higher fuel consumption rate and CO2 emissions.Öğe The performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel and diesel fuel(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2010-01) Altun, Şehmus; Öner, Cengiz; Sugözü, İlkerThis paper presents the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel and diesel fuel. The tests were performed in a four stroke, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, air-cooled and direct injection diesel engine at the different engine speed under full-load conditions. The results obtained with biodiesel were compared with the diesel fuel as reference fuel. The engine torque and power obtained in biodiesel were less, and the specific fuel consumption was found to be higher, which could be attributed to lower calorific value of biodiesel. CO emissions for biodiesel were lower than that of diesel fuel. However, it was observed that NOx emissions for biodiesel were higher than that of diesel fuel.Öğe Biodiesel production from raw cottonseed oil and its performance in a diesel engine(Technology, 2011) Adin, Hamit; Yaşar, Fevzi; Öner, Cengiz; Altun, ŞehmusIn this experimental work, raw cottonseed oil was converted by KOH-catalyzed transesterification reaction with methyl alcohol to the cottonseed oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and then tested in a single cylinder, four strokes and direct injection diesel engine at the constant engine speed (2000 rpm) under different engine loads. The composition and the fuel-related properties of produced biodiesel were determined by using gas chromatography (GC) and related instruments. An increase in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and decrease in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for fuel blends were observed compared with diesel fuel. Compared with diesel fuel, exhaust emissions were found to be lower in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxides and smoke with the use of fuel blends. It was concluded that cottonseed oil methyl esterdiesel fuel blends could be substituted for the diesel fuel without any modifications in diesel engines, with better environmental characteristics of fuel blends.
